Abstract: The genetic divergence among 7 local populations of the greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton） in North China was analysed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）markers. Sampling localities were Miyun Taishitun，Beijing；Miyun Jianchangcun，Beijing；Shunyi，Beijing；Mentougou，Beijing ；Gu'an，Hebei Province；Raoyang，Heibei Province；Taikang，Henan Province. The populations of the greater long-tailed hamster showed a comparatively high genetic diversity. Among those local populations，the percentage of polymorphic loci（P）was above 60%，Nei's gene diversity（H）varied from 0.204 to 0.326，Shannon index（I）from 0.306 to 0.484. The result of Gst showed that the total genetic variation among local populations was 30.9%. It is suggested that limited gene flow among those local populations，plus the impact of genetic drift，played an important role in shaping the populations genetic differentiation of the greater long-tailed hamster.

Key words: Greater long-tailed hamster(Tscherskia triton), Genetic diversity, Genetic structure, Local population, RAPD

摘要： 应用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）方法对华北地区不同大仓鼠种群的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明，大仓鼠群体内具有较丰富的遗传变异，不同地区种群的多态位点率均高于60%，Nei’s 基因多样度值范围在0.204 ～0.326 之间，Shannon 信息指数为0.306 ～0.484；分析遗传分化指数表明，大仓鼠种群内具有潜在的遗传结构，30.9%的变异来源于种群间存在的遗传变异。结果表明，大仓鼠在不同空间分布区内存在遗传多态性差异，地区种群间已有一定程度的遗传分化，群体间有限的基因流及遗传漂变可能对大仓鼠种群的遗传分化产生了重要的作用。

关键词: 大仓鼠, 遗传多态性, 遗传结构, 地区种群, RAPD