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07 July 2008, Volume 20 Issue 2

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DISTRIBUTION,NUMBERS AND HABITAT OF SICHUAN SIKA DEER (CERVUS NIPPON SICHUANICUS)

GU0 Yanshu

2000, 20(2):  81-87. 

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The distribution, population size and habitat of sichuan sika deer(cervus nippon．sichuanlcus) were investigated from July 1992 to August 1999．Sichuan sika deer still survives in Tiebu region(E102°46′～103°14 ′，N33°58 ′～34°16 ′， area is 860 km²，there are 630--650 deers)，Baxi region (E103°08 ′～103°35′ ．N33°33 ′-33 °46 ′．areais 603 km²．130～150 deers)，Baihe region (El03° 59 ′～104°10 ′． N33°05′～ 33 °20 ′，area is 390 ㎞²，30-45 deers )．These distribution regiones are all．situated betweenQinghai-Tibet Plateau and Western Part Mountain of Sichuan．Because of interference fromman and livestock， the he bitat area is decreasing；the habitat quality is declining ；thhe population size of sichuan sika deer shows a descent trend

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR AND FECAL STEROID IN MILU (ELAPHURUS DAVIDLANUS)

LI Chunwang ，JlANG Zhigang，FANG liming，JIANG Guohua， DING Yuhua， SHEN Hua， XU Anhong

2000, 20(2):  88-100. 

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From 1997 to 1998 the seasonal patterns of reproductive behavior of Pere David¡¯s deer were studied in Dafeng¡, China¡,and the fecal steroid concentrations were analyzed with the radioimmunoassay method. Seventeen types of male reproductive behavior and nine types of female reproductive behavior were observed. The stags and the hinds, in many reproductive behaviors¡, shown seasonal overt fluctuations,meanwhile the fecal steroids levels were significant difference among months <0 .05). There were statistically significant correlations between some male reproductive behaviors and fecal testosterone concentrations <0.05 P < 0.01). For examples: anogenital sniffing,urine sniffing,urine spraying, wallowing, bellowing,antler adorn, horning turf, chasing stags,holding hinds, chin resting,mounting and copulating. Although there were no significant correlations between female reproductive behaviors and fecal estradiol¡, estriol or progesterone the fecal estrogens levels were largely related to reproductive and maternal behaviors of hinds. The reproduction activities of Pere David's deer were regulated by steroids¡,which coincided with seasonal environmental changes.

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A STUDY 0N THE AGGREGATE BEHAVI0R 0F ARGALI(OVIS AMM0N)IN TIANSHAN M0UNTAINS

YU Yuqun, LIU Chuguang,GUO Songtao , GU Zhengqin,TU Xunjiang, Caidai ,WANGXinjun

2000, 20(2):  101-107. 

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Solitary individuals aside，herds are of four types：female herds,coasisting 0f females with Or without young and yearling of both sexes；male herds。commsed solely of male；mixed herds，including adult males．females and subadults；and family herds．comprising ewe and infant with or without subadult．The basic units in argali society consist of female and male herds all over year．which the other herds termporary aggregaticax．A total of 182 herds of argali were investigated in middle Tiamhan mountains of Hejing county of Bayingudeng prefecture，Xinjiang during March to May，1998．the size of the average。female and male herds for each month and standard deation were ealculated ．the result showed that the various herds size in argaliof the middle Tianshan were larger than that 0f Asian mouflon．Stones and big horn sheep.


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OBSERVATION ON THE BEHAVI0RS 0F MASKED PAIM CIVET IN REPRODUCTIVE SEAS0N

JIA Zhiyun, JIANG Zhigang, WANGZuwang

2000, 20(2):  108-115. 

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Article described 17 individual behaviors, 14 social behaviors and copulatory pattern exhibited by masked palm civet (Paguma larvata). Individual be behaviors included extended Lateral reclining, semilateral semiextended reclining，ventral retracted-limb reclining，sitting with buttocks touching the substrate，quadrupedal standing，scats-consuming, hair-licking，scratching，sniffing， marking， oestrus vocalization，male’ s sobbing, penis-licking, genitalia—gnawing by female，consuming copulatory plug；social behaviors consisted of ritualized fighting，female resistance to male attempt to copulate，fighting，snuggling to other individuals，licking hair each other，male sniffing female genitalia and urine．1icking female genitilla，licking hair of heterosexual individual and homosexual mounting．This species had a copulatory pattern with no lock，multipie-intromission，pelvic thrusting．single ejaculation and kept intromission after ejaculation，which belonged to copulatory pattern No 10 in Dewsbury’s and No.9 in Dixson’ s system ．respectively.

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A STUDY OF HOME RANGE OF DAURIAN PIKA(OCHOTONA DAURICA)THROUGH TELEMETRY

WANG Mengjun, ZHONG Wenqin ,WAN Xinrong

2000, 20(2):  116-122. 

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Homerange size ,core area size，overlaps of home range and core area individuals in same family, exploring and dispersal distances are important information for studying dispersal .They were studied with telemetry in 1995，and found home range size of pika from 3138m² to 17 062m²．and cores area from 1292m² to 7808m² .Overleap size of home range between femes is smaller than that between female and male .Both dispersed and exploring distances could reach about 200 m .Daurian pika became obviously more active after August，exploring and dispersal activities were found in September．They might regroup in the autumn to cover winter.


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EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE THERMOGENIC PROPERTIES IN ROOT VOLE

WANG Dehua ,WANG Zuwang, SUN Ruyong

2000, 20(2):  123-129. 

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The effects of ambient temperature and photoperiod on the thermogenic characteristics of brown adipose tissue EAT) in root voles (Microtus oecnomus) were examined. Root voles were acclimated to the following conditions for two weeks: 1) long day-warm temperature 16L: 8D 23 ℃); 2) Long day-cold temperature t6L:8D, 5 ℃); 3) short day-warm temperature 8L: 16D 23 ℃); and 4) short day-cold temperature 8L: 16D 5 ℃). The results showed that both temperature and photoperiod were the important environmental factors for variations of thermogenesis in root voles. Low temperature and/or short photoperiod could induce increases in BAT protein contents BAT mitochondrial protein contents, and cytochrome C oxidase activity of BAT mitochondria. Combined with the responses of thermogenesis to these factors at organism level. It seemed that root voles were more sensitive to short photoperiod and cold temperature could strengthen this effect. The results support the hypothesis that ambient temperature combined with photoperiod induce the thermogenic adjustments for small mammals.

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ADVANCE OF IMMUNO-CONTRACEPTION IN VERTEBRATE PEST MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIA

ZHANG Zhibin

2000, 20(2):  130-134. 

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House mice, European rabbit and red fox are the three major vertabrate pests in Australia. From 1992 to 1999, Australia Cooperative Research Center sponsored 50 million Australia dollars for developing immuno-contraceptives for managing these three pests. In contract with the research in 1990's, much advance have been achieved by this program, e.g. the recombined immuno-contraceptive virus vaccine(rMCMV-ZP₃ and ECTV-ZP₃)for controlling house mice. Much progress have been also made in ecological aspects on the fertility control which is essential for assessing ecological risk and field release of vaccines. However, no breakthrough has been made in developing oral and non-GMOs vaccines. The oral delivery system is still the active research area for the immuno-contraception control.

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NEURAL AND MOLECULAR BASES OF MATING SYSTEMS IN VOLES

TANG Yezhong, WANG Zuwang

2000, 20(2):  135-143. 

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Mating systems as the expression of breeding behaviors, resulted from evoluition with species-specific aspects and hereditability. Thus difference in mating systems might be based on diversity of physiological procedures. The recent studies have implicated the neurohypophyseal peptides oxytocin (if) and vasopressin AVP) in the central mediation of complex social behaviors correlated to monogamy and promiscuity. Comparison of the behaviors and expressive regions of OT receptor and AVP receptor in the brain among several species of vole have identified species-specific patterns of these receptors that appear to relate to a monogamous versus promiscuous social structure. Molecular approaches show that changes in the regulative sequence of OTand AVP-receptor gene underlie these species differences in receptor distribution and might provide a mechanism responsible for the evolution of mating system in voles.


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A SUGGESTION ON THE SURVIVORSHIP CURVES ANALYSIS FOR MAMMALIAN SPECIES

WAN Xinrong, ZHONG Wenqin , WANG Mengjun , WANG Guanghe

2000, 20(2):  142-145. 

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There are three general types of survivorship curves in the animal sciences including convex type (type I or type A), straight type (type II or type B) and concave type (type III or type C). There are some discrepancies between the proportion surviving curves and survivorship curves. Since a survivorship curve can be only obtained by transforming a proportion surviving curve into normal log scare it seems inappropriate to determine a survivorship curve's type of a species based on the feature of its proportion surviving curve. For these reasons the authors suggests that a log scare transformation is needed in determining a type of survivor- ship curve.


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NUMERICAL FITTING ON MODELS OF BODY WEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH IN SMALL RODENTS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

LI Zhonglai

2000, 20(2):  157-160. 

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