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    05 January 2008, Volume 14 Issue 3
    STUDIES 0N POPULATION ECOLOGY OF TIBETAN MONKEYS (MACACA THIBETANA)I.P0PULATION DYNAMICS AND ANALYSIS OF TIBETAN MONKEYS
    WANG Qishan, LI Jinhua, Ll Ming
    1994, 14(3):  161-165. 
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    A field troop of Tibetan monkeys(Macaca thibetana)at M ts.Huangshan (E 118
    10’,N 3029’),Anhui province,was investigated from 1986 to 1992.Analysis population dynamics shows the individual numbers of this troop was10.3% of average annual increased (see table 1).Annual average natality was 66.9% (see table 2).The natality was relatively stable in the seven years.Disease seems to be a main cause of death.The change of population size in this troop were also affected by male monkeys immigration or emigration.
    INFLUENCE OF TOURISM ON RHESUS MONKEY ( MACACA MULATTA)POPULATION INCREASlNG AT NANWAN RESERVE
    JIANG Haisheng, WANG Jun, LIU Zhenhe
    1994, 14(3):  166-171. 
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    The tourists who visited Nanwan Reserve for rhesus monkey averagety increased with 69.8% from 1984 to 1989 we found that the rhesus reproduetive rate declined,and the dead rate of infants increased since Nanwan open for tourism in 1985.Semi-do-mestic rhesus group of artificial feeding delayed the time of fissidn group,so it will make population increasing rate of rhesus monke to down.There wer no obvious effect in reproductive season of rhesus to artificial feeding in tropic area.It is suggested that the management measure to tourism should be improved for that rhesus monkey population increasing.
    STUDIES 0N THE ULTRASTRUCTURE 0F MUSK DEER'S THYROID GLAND,AND THE SYNTHSIS AND LIBERATION OF THYROID HORMONES
    BI Shuzeng, JIA Linzheng, ZHANG Zhengmin, ZHU Dingxuan ,ZHU Chengsi
    1994, 14(3):  172-175. 
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    The main characteristics of the ultrastructures of musk deer’s thyroid follicular epithelial cells are as follows:The vesicles of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) were well developed,some of these vesicles could directly enter the follicular cavity.Through micropinocytosis,the colloid in the follicular cavity were resorbed by means of colloid vesicles into follicular epithelial cell,and were fused with lysosomes to be composed into thyroid hormones.
    DETERMINAT10N 0F AGE AND ANALYSIS OF POPULATION STRUCTURE IN CAPE HARE (LEPUS CAPENSIS)
    LU Xin, SHEN Shouyi, GAO Shangwen
    1994, 14(3):  176-183. 
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    The Cape hares(Lepus capensls)were collected from Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces
    in China during 1990-1993.According to the data of eye lens weight 0f 212 hares from an investigatingsite in February-October of 1991 and 1 510 hares from eight sites in hunting seasons and referring to the breeding information, we came to the conclusion that 225mg may be as a criterion to distinguish animals under one year-old from older ones.The proportion of juveniles increased with breeding season progress.In fall-winter populations,the hares born in the present year accounted for 86.3(72.2-93.5)%,which was clearly higher than those of the other species of the genus Lepus and was considered to have relation to rising of the population amount in the study periods.There were 52.3% femaIe in a11 4011 hares shot in fall-winter,52.4% in 1226 juveniles and 54.4% in 195 adults.50.5%in 91 juveniles shot in February-September was female and 58.2% in 91 adults.





    HABITAT SELECTION,FEEDING AND CARING F0R THE Y0UNG 0F ALPINE WEASEL
    WEI Wanhong, ZHOU Wenyang, FAN Naichang
    1994, 14(3):  184-188. 
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    This paper deals with the habitat selection,feeding and caring for the young of the alpine weasels.The weasels prefer to the habitats of alpine meadow where human lived nearby and feed mainly on plateau pika,their numbers were positively correlated with the density of pika.From June 20 to July 5,each weasel averagely captured pika 6.2 individuals a day,but 2.75 individuals from July 14 to August 9. The reproductive period of the weasels was coincided with that of pika. The works of caring for the young were completed only by female.The yong appeared on the ground at early of July,and dispersed at early of August.
    THE C0MPARATIVE STUDIES 0N THE SHAPE AND STRUCTURE 0F THE 0PTIC 0RGAN IN SEVEN SPECIES 0F R0DENTS
    ZHANG Yuhui, LIU Jiakun
    1994, 14(3):  189-194. 
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    In seven species of rodents,Rattus moroegicus,Apodemus agrarius,Cricetulun triton,Microtus mandarinus,Myospalaxcansus ,Spermophilus dauricus and Sciurotamias davidianus,the shape of the eyeballs,the thickness of each layer in the retinas,the layer number and the size of nuclei in retinas were observed and eompared by LM and SEM .The photoreceptor density of R.norvegicus and S.dauricus were counted by SEM.It is concluded that the shape and structure of the optic organ show much similarity among the species with similar habits,and show much difference among the mice with different habits.In addition,it is found that there is partly thickening in the retinas of night mice.Within the retinas ofR.dauricus,there is thickness asymmetry between the medialis and 1ateralis.The relationship between the structure and function was discussed.
    STUDIES ON FORECASTING THE POPULATION SIZES OF CRICETULUS BARABENSIS IN YANGGU COUNTY ,SHANDONG PROVINCE
    JIANG Yunliang, LU Haoquan, LI Yuchun, WANG Yushan, ZHANG Xuedong, XU Wensheng, YU Zhiqing
    1994, 14(3):  195-202. 
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    The population sizes of striped hamster (Crlcetulus barabensis) in the arid area of Yanggu County,Shandong Province were forecasted by means of stepwise regression analysis.Six linear regression equations were obtained:
    d3 =-3.0086-8.2993S 11+0.6233Thw
    d5 =0.2310-2.0486a3+4.9721S3
    d8 =16.4927+1.0440d5 -0.4535Th.s
    d8=0.9174-0.0058Pr.s -0.3360d3+6.8469S3
    d11= 0.8467+ 0.5109d8
    d11 =-0.1514-0.5859L3+0.4913d3+8.1622P3
    where Si,Thi,ai,Pr.i,Li and Pi represent sexual ratio,extremely high temperature,age distribution,density,precipitation,litter size and pregnancy rate of a certain (i)month or season (s for summer and W for winter)respectively.
    we predicted the population sizes of striped hamster in March,May,August and November by the above equations.The results showed that the predicted value accorded with the observed one in the main.
    THE OBSERVATION ON BURROWING BEHAVIOR OF PLATEAU ZOKOR(MYOSPALAX BAILEYI)
    WANG Quanye, ZHOU Wenyang, ZHANG Yanming, FAN Naichang
    1994, 14(3):  203-208. 
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    Burrowing behavior,digging speed,digging duration,and excavated soll quantity
    during a digging duration bout of plateau zokor in narrow glass-sided tank (120cm long,120cm high and 10cm wide) were studied by observation and vidieo camera system at Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem,Academia Sinica,1991.The speed and duration of digging by both sexual groups were compared in different simulated soil firmnesses. The result showed that the main behavior of burrowing were consisted of digging,
    scratching,kicking lossed soil behind,push lossed soil forward,arching to soil,repairing burrow and dealing with plant roots.The digging speed and duration were significantly influenced by soil firmness.With the increasing of soil firmness,the digging speed was decreasing,but the digging duration was increasing.As a result,the soil quantity/bout excavated by zokor was not accordingly changed with soil firmness,however,it was significantly different between males (75.07 grams soil dried weight) and females (51.39 grams).
    STUDIES 0N THE SUCCESSIVE RELATI0N BETWEEN SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITY AND PLANT C0M MUNITY IN ALPINE MEAD0W
    BIAN Jianghui, FAN Naichang, JING Zengchun, SHI Yinzhu
    1994, 14(3):  209-216. 
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    We examined the successiVe relation between small mammal community and p|ant
    comminity at Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem in September 1989.The species diversity of small mammal communities were related to degree of vegetative denseness,and showed siginificantly negative correlation with hight of plant and vegetative cover.Small mammal community changed with change of the construction of plant community,and its composition depended on construction of plant community.
    Otherwise,Using the two treatments,one of which was seeding grass(Elymus nutans,E.sibircus)plus controlling pest of rodents treatment,another was singular controlling rodents pests treatment,we monitored the response of small mammal communnity,plant community to both treatments and recoverable degree ofdegenerative vegetation destroied by Myospalax baileyi and Ochotona curzoniae at the same area from 1988 to 1989.During two years,singular treatment of controlling rodent pests didn't have the vegetation recovered,composition of small mammal community was simplified.On seeding grass plus controlling pest treatment,composition of plant community shifted toward composition of nature vegetation,quality of grassland was improved,small mammal community also shift from Ochotona curzoniae+M.baileyi community to Microtus oeconmus +O.cansus community. Ecological strategy of rodent pests management was discussed.according to regulation bio—community succession,humanity coordinated the relation between small mammal community and plant community by effective means of grassland management so that degenerative vegetation was not only recovered in a short time ,but pest population was also under control in a long time.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESTING METAB0LIC RATE 0F BRANDTS V0LES (MICROTUS BRANDTI)
    LI Qingfen, HUANG Chenxi
    1994, 14(3):  217-220. 
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    In order to study the characteristics of energy metabolism in Brandt’s voles(Microtus brandti),their oxygen consumption,body temperature(Tb)and body weight were measured at several ambient temperature(Ta)between 5— 35℃ ,The experiments were taken from June 20th,l 993 to July 10th,l993 at 32 animals.
    The results showed that the thermoneutral zone for the voles extended from 27.5 to 32.5℃.The lowest resting metabolic rate(RMR)was 1.836mlO2/g·h.It was 132.6% of expectant RMR.The lowest thermal conductance was slightly higher than the expectant value(14.5).Below the low critical temperature,RMR.increased with reducing Ta and Tb decreased lightly.The relationship between RMR and Ta was negative liner:RMR=6.9685-0.1852 Ta.Above the upper critical temperature,RMR increased and Tb enhanced 1.9℃.
    We found,therefore,that Brandt’s voles adaptation to environmental climate was
    by means of the slight higfier level of RMR and thermal conductance,and high intefisity of chemical thermoregulation.
    BEHAVIOURS AMONG ADULT FELLOW GROUP MEMBERS OF WILD HOUSE MICE
    FANG Jiming, Jane Hurst, Chris Barnard
    1994, 14(3):  221-233. 
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    The first or second male generation of wild house mice(Mus musculus domesticus)caught in England were tested the characteristics of adult male and the effects of isolation or kinship.The main conclusions were as followlnge :1 ) Sniffing substrate,social investigation and urine marking of dominant male were significantly higher than that of subordinate.The subordinate preferred to touch other subordinate rather than the dominant male.(2)The first 10 minutes of l-hour observation was the most important for observing the beheviour.(3)On the basis of nonagonistic behaviour,especially social investigation and touching,it was probable to discriminate the dominant male in the male group whose hierarchy was unclear by discriminant analysis.(4)The isolation mainly caused the subordinate to change its behaviours,particularly the behaviour towards other subordinate,due to the increasing aggression of himself.(5)Kinship still existed even both unrelated or related group members lived for a long time.The function of kinship on behaviour of male mice might he to increase himself social status among unrelated group members or to avoid injuilng his related group mellrtbers.
    CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN PINEAL MELATONIN CONTENTS IN PLATEAU PIKA (OCHOTONA CURZONIAE)
    LI Ziwei, SUN Ruyong, DU Jizeng
    1994, 14(3):  234-238. 
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    Pineal melatonin contents exhibited a Circadian rhthm in plateau pikes (Ochotona curzoniae) maintainedin natural light conditions (P < 0.001,the mean nighttime value Vs.theman daytime value).The results suggest that pika.s pineal gland is sensitive to the photoperiods.
    NEW REC0RD 0F ALCES ALCES ALCES IN CHINA
    ZHOU Yongheng, GU Jinghe, WANG Lun, ROU Zibali, MA Hemuti, LIANG Guodong
    1994, 14(3):  239-239. 
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