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20 August 1987, Volume 7 Issue 3

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GIBBON DISTRIBUTION IN CHINA

Jack Fooden¹, QUAN Guoqiang², LUO Yining²

1987, 7(3):  161-167. 

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This paper reports the distribution of gibbons in China. There are three species: Hylobates hoolock, H. lar and H. concolor; and three subspecies of H. concolor; H. c. leucogenys, H.c. concoZor and H.c. hainanus, all the localities according to the literature records and mapped.

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ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIBETAN AND RHESUS MONKEYS IN SOUTHERN ANHUI,CHINA

Kazuo Wada^1,2, XIONG Chengpei^1,3, WANG Qishan^1,4

1987, 7(3):  168-176. 

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In Anhui province, Thibetan and Rhesus monkeys were found to be distributed to the south of Changjiang.The Thibetan monkeys were limited to the hill areas between 600 and 1,500m above sea level, while the Rhesus monkeys ranged from the plains to higher areas except the areas occupied by the Thibetan monkeys. The habitat preference of the Thibetan monkeys for higher altitudes may be dependent upon the occurrence of rocky cliffs and evergreen broad-leaved forest. The distribution of both species was reduced by strong human impact, but if the habitat is well protected, their population density should approach the population level of the Huangshan mountains. The boundary between the distributions of both species may reflect the general form of the ecological relations.

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THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS OF MACACA THlBETANUS

ZHANG Yaoping, YE Zhizhang, PENG Yanzhang

1987, 7(3):  177-181. 

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The histological structure of the thyroids and parathyroids from 5 adult males of M. thibetanus were examined under light microscope. The results are as follows:The thyroid glands are composed of numerous follicles which are different in size. There are a little reticular connective tissues, microvasculature and cell groups among the follicles, but the capillaries and lymphatic vessels are abundant among the follicles. There are two parathyroid glands which lie on the posterior surface of super-mid part of outer lobe of the thyroids and a part of its base may be embeded within the thyroids. The two kinds of glands are separated each other by a thin connective tissue capsule.Two kinds of epithelial cells are present in the follicles-typical follicle-epithelialcells and C cells. The later is uniformly distributed and mainly occur in single cell or in occasionally in groups of 2-3 cells among the follicles in the thyroid. C cells are concentrated in the middle of the thyroid outer lobes and near medial margin of the median axis, and can not be found in other parts. C cells are round or oval, and are larger than that of the follicular cells. They range from 8.1 to 12.0μm and their nucleus range from 5.0 to 6.1μm, whereas the follicle-epithelial cells and their nucleus range from 6.2 to 8.4μm and from 5.1 to 6.0μm respectively. C cells appear in the intrafollicular and interfollicular cells.The parenchyma of the parathyroids mainly consists of dense packed groups of cells, which form a compact mass or maybe arranged as anastomosing cords. Besides oxyphil cells there are chief cells in the parathyroid glands. The two types of oxyphil cells i.e., dark and pale oxyphil cells, are visible under eight microscop. The oxyphil cells are also larger than those of chief cells and irregular in shape.

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STUDY ON LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYME IN NORMAL SERUM OF TREE SHREW (TUPAIA BELANGERI CHINENSIS)

ZHENG Zixiu, ZHONG Jjnyan

1987, 7(3):  182-188. 

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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate to lactate and occurs virtually in all tissues. The five isoenzymes of lacteta dehydrogenase usually observed in all mammals are of tetramers formed by oombinations of two different subunits. The subunits are of two different kinds called A and B (or M and H) which are determined by separate gene loci on the chromosome.

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ENERGY DYNAMICS OF SMALL MAMMALS IN AN ALPINE MEADOW ECOSYSTEM Ⅱ.AN ESTIMATION OF ENERGY FLOW THROUGH THE POPULATION OF PLATEAU PIKA,OCHOTONA CURZONIAE

WANG Zuwang, LIU Jike, SU Jianping, LIU Yang, DOU Fengman

1987, 7(3):  189-202. 

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According to A = P + R energy balance equation, the energy flow through the population of plateau pika, a dominant and widespread species in the Kobresia humilis meadow, has been studied.The research area is located at the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station (Lat. 37°29’-37°45’N, Long. 101°12’-101°33’E) with an altitude of about 3250 meters above sea level.

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ON THE SPACE DISPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF RODENT COMMUNITIES IN EAST FUJIAN MOUNTAINOUS AREA

HONG Chaochang

1987, 7(3):  203-210. 

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The space disposition and structure of rodent communities in East Fujian mountainous area were investigated in Zhouning county from Mar. 1984 to Jan. 1985. Results are as follows: 1. The space disposition of rodents from residential district to forests of mountainous country is in the order of Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, R. flavipectus, Mus formosanus, R. rattoides, Apodemus agrarius, R. niviventer, R. fulvescens and R. bo-wersi.

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CIRCADIAN ACTIVITY RHYTHMS OF PLATEAU PIKAS,OCHOTONA CURZONIAE

ZONG Hao, XIA Wuping

1987, 7(3):  211-223. 

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Spontaneous locomotor activity rhythms of plateau pikas are recorded on Animex, DSZ (small animal activity recorder) through laboratory experiments in Xining. The main results are as follows:1. Plateau pikas are diurnal animal having two-peaks of the diurnal activities under natural light-dark cycle. The seasonal changes of their activity rhythms are in keeping with the "Seasonal Rule" reported by Aschoff et al. in 1964. Onset and end of activity in the pikas are related to the instantaneous change of the sunlight intensity around sunrise and sunset. The clock is more precise in spring and autumn than in winter and summer.2. Activity rhythms among the male and female, adult and young pikas are different, their activity patterns are controlled by behaviours in the reproductive period.Females tend to locomote more than males during the mating time, but the contrary is true during the gestational period. Young animals are always more active than older ones.3. Circadian rhythms, with which plateau pikas locomote under constant environmental conditions, fit "Aschoff Rule".With an increase of the illuminative intensity, the phase gets advancing and activity capacity decreases accordingly. Circadian activity rhythms of the pikas will stop in a long constant light.

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STUDIES ON POPULATION BREEDING ECOLOGY OF GREATER LONG-TAILED HAMSTER IN BEIJING AREA

ZHANG Jie

1987, 7(3):  224-232. 

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This paper reports the population breedimg eoology of greater long-tailed hamster (Cricetulus triton) in Beijing agricultural area from 1983 to 1985. 1101 specimens (497♀, 604♂) were collected, dissected, measured.The variation of reproductive system of males and females was observed and recorded.The sex ratio, the testis weight and length of males, the reproductive characteristics of females, the reproductive indices, and the litter size in different years were studied.The life-span of greater long-tailed hamster is about one year. The male reach es sex maturity when the testis weight is more than 1.5g. The female youngs born in spring reach sex maturity in two months and attend reproduction immediately, the youngs born after July can not reach sex maturity this year. Overwintering females can reproduct 2-3 times one year.

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A STUDY ON KARYOTYPE OF BLACK-LIPPED PIKA(OCHOTONA CURZONIAE)

TAN Pingping, BAI Qinhua

1987, 7(3):  233-235. 

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The karyotype of black-lipped pika (Ochotona curzoniae) was examined and described as follows:The diploid chromosome number was 2n=46. Among autosomes there were 1 meta-centrics, 9 submetacentrics and 12 telocentrics. The X chromosome was a metacentrics and the Y chromosome was telocentrics.It is different in chromosome number from Ochotona daurica.