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20 February 1987, Volume 1 Issue 1

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ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAMMALIAN ZOOGEOG RAPHY IN CHINA FOR THE LAST THIRTY YEARS

ZHANG ongzu¹, LIN Yongiie²

1981, 1(1):  3-13. 

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There have been 207 papers or abstracts published concerning about the mammalian fauna and its distribution, as well as about the dividing of Zoogeographical regions in China during the last thirty years. Among them, 77 papers(37.2% of the total) are about the general faunal investigations, 49 papers are about rodent fauna(23.7% of the total),48 papers (23.2% of the total) are about the investigations of certain specific species(certain groups or economically imoprtant mammals), while only 33 papers (15.9% of the total) are properly Zoogeographical researches。The statistics of those reports using province as unit region shows that the researches done were not even.More Zoogeographical surveys were carried out in some border provinces,on the other hand,those in the island and the provinces of coast area are quite few.Such unevenness has obviously influenced the development of the mammalian zoogeography in China.

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REPRODUCTION OF THE CHINESE BLACK MUNTJAC (Muntiacus crinifrons Sclater )

SHENG Helin LU Houji

1981, 1(1):  14-18. 

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The present work is based on the previous study of the rare chinese black muntjac.Because the black muntjac inhabit high altitude's and in Luxuriant forest, their reproduction in nature has been virtually unknown for several decades.For these reasons studies of its reproduction are fundamentally important for understanding of its abundence and increase.The reproduction status of 71 black muntjac(47♂♂,24♀♀)was recorded and studied during December-April in 1978-1981 at kaihui county, zhekiang province,east China.In addition to these specimen 68 (39♂♂.29♀♀) from Anhui province were also used in this study.

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ON THE PRESENT STATUS, HISTORICAL DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION OF WILD ELEPHANT IN CHINA

GAO Yaotjng

1981, 1(1):  19-26. 

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Today, the Asiatic elephant in China is merely confined to the southern border of Yunnan province, and has been considered as an endangered species since liberation.

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THE PELVIS OF THE GIANT PANDA, AILUROPOOA MELANOLEUCA

YANG Anfeng¹, FANG Lixang²

1981, 1(1):  27-36. 

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This study is based on six complete skeletons of the giant panda,Among them, a juvenile specimen is involved.Besides, theskeleton of black bear, lesser panda, lion, tiger,and dog were used for comparison. Measurements and proportions of the pelvis are given in the table.Examination shows that the pelvis of the giant panda is notably different from that of any other carnivores in fouowing aspects.These are: 1 .theshortening of the pelvis; 2. strengthening of the sacroiliac articulation; 3. the puboischiatic symphysis is greatly shortened; 4 .the obturator foramen is more or less triangular in outline; 5.the ilia lie in the frontal, rather than the sagittal plane; 6 .the increase in the thickness of pelvic bone.

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BATS FROM ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

WEN Yexin, HUANG Wenji, HUANG Zhengyi, TANG Ziying, CHEN Yanxi, GONG Xinxiong

1981, 1(1):  34-38. 

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An investigation of the chiropteran fauna was carried out in the province of Zhejiang.Nineteen species of microchiroptera are recorded,of which eleven are new records to this province.A brief account of the habitats, aggregation, reproduction and distribution of the bats is given in the text, with a special reference to the morphological characters and feeding habit of Rickettia pilosa.

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AN ELECTROPHORETIC COMPARISON OF THE SERUM PROTEIN AND HEMOGLOBIN IN THREE SPECIES OF MOUSE HARES—A DISCUSSION ON THE SYSTEMATICAL POSITION OF OCHOTONA CURZONIKE

ZHOU Yucan, XIA Wuping

1981, 1(1):  39-44. 

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The plateau mouse-hare Ochotona curzonicae is a dominant species in the Qinghai-Xizang ( Tibet ) Plateau and its systematic positon has so far been argued whether it is a subspecies of O.daurica or an independent species, due to the morphological differences being not so conspicuous. Therefore we used the electrophoretic method to analyse the differences in serum protein and hemoglobin of the two mouse-hares in order to clear up this problem. An unquestionable species O.cansus were used as a control. Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and starch gel elctrophoresis were used.The results obtained are as follows: 1. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum protein,the serum in O.cnrzonjcae were separated into 18 components,but in O.daurica and O.cansus there were only 15 separated components and two "blank" zones were appeared, one behind the albumin band and the other behind the tra-nsferrin band.By starch gel electrophoresis, O.cansus was differring from the other two by a clear pro-albumin band.

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NUMBERS OF CLETHRIONOMYS RUFOCANUS UNDER DIFFERENT FOREST CANOPY DENSITIES, AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN YOUNG FOREST PROTECTION

SHU Fengmei

1981, 1(1):  45-50. 

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In Heilungjiang forest regions, the young forests are heavily damaged by rodents’ grazing on bark. It was found that the brown-backed vole is the most important species.In the present study we found out that the changement of the numbers of this vole depends upon the different conditions of forest canopy density. The higher the canopy density, the lower the vole's numbers as well as the rodent damage. On the contrary, the lower the canopy density, the higher the vole's number and, of course, its damages. Under the direction of this rule, we believe that the rodent damages may be controlled by managing the forest canopy in afforestation, and two measures have been suggested: 1) In reforestation,the trees should be closely planted in order to make the young forest be closed in early time.

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ON THE COLONIAL STRUCTURE OF BRANDT'S VOLE IN BURROW UNITS

ZHANG Jie, ZHONG Wenqin

1981, 1(1):  51-56. 

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The colonial structure of brandt's vole(Microtus brandti Radde) in different dens varies from year to year and season to season, affected by such factors,as reproduction and the others.Its changes include mainly the size of its"family" and the proportion of each category within its family members.The Brandt's vole in Hulunbeier grassland had a larger family size in 1974 when its density was increasing, A family occupying burrow unit consisted mainly of parents and their offspings of one litter for the most part of the year. But in summer and autumn, some times it consisted of parents and their offsprings from two litters. However, in 1975, the vole had high population density but a smaller family size which contained parents and offsprings from one litter.The number of males were more than that of females in 1975.

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THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ZOKER, MYOSPALAX FONTANIERI, AND ITS INFLUENCES ON GRASSLAND VEGETATION AT MUGETAN REGION

XIAO Yunfeng, LIANG Jierung, LO Yanzhou, XIE Wenzhung

1981, 1(1):  57-66. 

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The Chinese zoker,Myospalax fontanieri,is one of the most important pest in grassland,so that its distribution rule and its influences on the vegetation should be well studied,our work was carried out at Muge-tan region,Guinan county,Qinghai Province.The following results have been approached.

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THE STRUCTURE OF THE TUNNEL SYSTEM OF THE CHINESE ZOKER

FAN Naichang¹, GU Shouqin²

1981, 1(1):  67-72. 

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The Chinese zoker, Myospalax fontanieri, is distribute in the regions of agriculture and livestock hunsbandry in North China and North-west China. Most of them inhabit the ridges of cornland, wasteland and lawn in hill mountainous regions. The animal lives underground all its life,and like feeds on the underparts of plants.

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THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF THE POPULATION DENSITY OF RATTUS RATTOIDES HODGSON

WANG Yaopei, CHING Yaoliang

1981, 1(1):  73-78. 

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An investigation on the population density of Rattus rattoides Hodgson on Pingsha State Farm, Pearl-River Delta, Guangdong province was carried out month by month during1963-1966. At our working place, there are mainly three biotopes, namely: the rice field, sugar cane fields and banana fields. The results may be briefly summarized below: 1, There was a little difference of the density of the Rattus rattoides in above three biotopes.

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THE EXTRACTION OF PHEROMONES IN THE RAT URINE BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ASSAY

LIU Su xia, LIU Bingqian

1981, 1(1):  79-84. 

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This paper presents an experimental study on the extration of the pheromones in rat urine and their biological assay.The following results were observed.1.By means of thin-layer chromatography,the pheromone has been extracted from the eatrous female rat urine.It was stained with 2.4-dinitropheny Ihydrazine.The locations of the Rf value points shown on the silica gelatin thin-layer chromatography are as follows.

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PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY OF CITELLUS ERYTHROGENUS

HE Xige, LIU Guozhu, LI Jianping

1981, 1(1):  85-91. 

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The suslik, Citellus erythrogenus, is distributed in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in our country.lt is one of the representative Rodent in the mid-teinperate desert steppe.Our survey in 1977, revealed that They prefered the habitats as terrace and flood land, and live on vegetative food as Allium and Stipa.The reproductive period began in April, we observed 68 susliks in mid May, the male reproductive organs were in rest status, aud the females had a pregnant ratio of 94.5%, Litter size was 4-6, and a considerable dead embryos had been found (30.3%)The daily activities were observed on May 11-13, 1974.We found out that the animal is a dayly active rodent,being most active in 12-14 O’clock.The Susliks hibernate at the last ten days in September and wake up at the last ten days in March next year.Generally the structure of burrow is simple, one burrow with only one opening.The most simple one has only a short tunnel, but the hihenation burrow is rather complex, it has nest, tunnel and blind endings.

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PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND TOLERANCE OF SOME RODENTS TO DIPHACINONE AND ITS APPLIED SIGNIFICANCE

ZHENG Zhimin

1981, 1(1):  93-98. 

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Diphacinone is widely used in rodent control within recent years.But its susceptibility and tolerance were insufficiently studied.The present paper deals these two problems with three common rodents, the striped field mouse, Apodemus agarius, the yellowbreasted rat, Rattus flavipectus, and the sewer rat, Rattus norvegicus.The toxicities were different to the three rodents.the LD50 were 1.06±0.65 mg/kg for the field mouse, 18.39±11.28mg/kg for ythe ellow-breast rat, and 0.25±0.14mg/kg for the sewer rat, Individual differences were found to be so obvious that they varied from 16 to 512-fold. Most of the animals were dead within 7 days after test.The un-dead animals were undergone the tolerance tests, the LD50 were 72.41±37.34mg/kg for the field monse 187.40±79.44mg/kg for the yellow-breest rat, and 1.27±0.21mg/Jcg for the sewer rat, The tolerance to the pesticide, diphacinone, increased so tremendously.In deratization, we tuggested that the diphacinone must be used in low concentrotion and the poisonous baits should be placed in man piles of small quantity and once during a control.

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ON THE RECENT STATUS AND CONSERVATION OF PRIMATES IN CHINA

QUAN Guopiang¹, WANG Sung¹, ZHANG Yongzu²

1981, 1(1):  99-104. 

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In his summary of discussions on primate conservation at the Symposia of the 5th Congress of the International Primatological Society, 1974, Dr. R. W. Thorington, Jr., stated that there is need for more information on the present distribution and abundance of wild primate populations.He mentioned that almost no recent information could be located for fifteen species in Asia. Among them, nine species including the gold monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellanae) are mainly or partically distributed in China. This paper presents some recent information on the primate conservation in China inorder to fill some particular gaps and/or to afford some requested information.Although all the primates have been considered as protected species of wildlife in various categories since 1962, they are still far from well protected. The major pooblems are due to the deforestration as well as over exploitatiou in last two to three decades. Some data presented in the text ( Table2 ) show the serious situation on these two aspects.Among the fifteen species of the Chinese primates ( Table 1 ) , the nominal subspecies of the gold monkey ( Rhinopithecus r. roxellanae) Iives in a quite well conditions in nature, while the Kweichow subspecies (R. r. brelichi ) is one of the most endangered wildlife because its extremely limited range were further constricted in the past years. Habitat destruction have caused Nycticebus coucang, pygathrix nemaeus, presbytis spp. and Hylobates spp. to be threatened to extinct. Through intensive exploitation, Macaco spp. have been reduced in its population size in the vast area of its distributional range. There are only two small relict populations of M. mulatto in Shansi and Hopei reaching as far as lat. 41°N. But it had a wide distribution in northern China as indicated in the historical literature.Some most important measures including strengthening the civil education of conservation and emphasizing the preservation of habitats of primates particularly those of most endangered are proposed in the paper.

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SOME BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS OF RATTUS BOW ERSI LATOUCHEI, IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

1981, 1(1):  105-106. 

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EFFICIENCY OF FIVE RODENTICIDES AGAINST MERIONES UNGUICULATUS

1981, 1(1):  106-108. 

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TESTS WITH FLUOROACETAMIDE AND GOPHACIDE IN BUFF-BREASTED RAT CONTROL

1981, 1(1):  108-109. 

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THE RODENT PESTS IN THE CITY OF TIANJIN

1981, 1(1):  109-110. 

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