北部湾鲸豚类动物发声规律及影响因素初步分析

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.151112

兽类学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 831-841.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151112

北部湾鲸豚类动物发声规律及影响因素初步分析

刘宗伟¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 赵萍¹^,²^,³^,⁵, 高德政¹^,²^,³^,⁵, 姜莹¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 陈炳耀⁶, 吕志超⁵, 吕连港¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

^1.自然资源部第一海洋研究所，青岛 266061
^2.自然资源部海洋环境科学与数值模拟重点实验室，青岛 266061
^3.山东省海洋环境科学与数值模拟重点实验室，青岛 266061
^4.青岛海洋科技中心区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能;实验室，青岛 266237
^5.山东科技大学，青岛 266590
^6.南京师范大学，南京 210023

收稿日期:2025-06-19 接受日期:2025-11-11 出版日期:2025-11-30 发布日期:2025-12-03
通讯作者: 吕连港
作者简介:刘宗伟 (1986- )，男，博士，主要从事海洋声学、生物声学监测研究.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42276196);国家自然科学基金(42206195)

Preliminary analysis of vocalization patterns and influencing factors of cetaceans in the Beibu Gulf

Zongwei LIU¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Ping ZHAO¹^,²^,³^,⁵, Dezheng GAO¹^,²^,³^,⁵, Ying JIANG¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Bingyao CHEN⁶, Zhichao LYU⁵, Liangang LYU¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

^1.First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Shandong Province, Qingdao 266061, China
^4.Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
^5.Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
^6.Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2025-06-19 Accepted:2025-11-11 Online:2025-11-30 Published:2025-12-03
Contact: Liangang LYU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鲸豚类动物的水下发声往往受到环境因素的影响，国内相关研究较少，且多集中于近岸。本文基于北部湾离岸约100 km位点实测的声学数据，自动检测鲸豚类动物回声定位信号，研究鲸豚类动物的发声规律以及环境因子与低频噪声的影响。2023年1月13日至5月5日连续记录113 d，获取152 550个声音文件，经检测其中37 d记录到鲸豚类动物回声定位信号，共计74 180个。回声定位信号的发声次数在冬末较少、初春较多，白天较少、夜晚较多。通过计算低频段环境噪声，发现白天噪声级高、夜晚噪声级低，与鲸豚类动物昼夜发声次数成反比，同时发现当船舶噪声出现时，鲸豚类动物不发声或发声次数少，由此可知鲸豚类动物对船舶具有一定的规避现象。进一步分析发现，海水表层温度、风速、降雨量因素与鲸豚类动物发声次数之间无明显相关性。

关键词: 鲸豚类动物, 回声定位信号, 发声次数, 影响因素

Abstract:

Based on the 113-day acoustic data measured in the Beibu Gulf, this paper uses an automatic detection method to detect the click signals of cetaceans in the data, counts the number of signals, and obtains the vocalization patterns of cetaceans during the observation period. Statistical analysis of the number of click signals of cetaceans during the observation period shows that the number of clicks of cetaceans is less in late winter and more in early spring. During the day, it is less and at night, it is more. The influence of hydrological and meteorological factors on the number of click signals of cetaceans during the observation period is analyzed. It is found that the number of click signals of cetaceans is less in late winter and more in early spring. The correlation between sea surface temperature, wind speed, and rain fall and the number of click signals of cetaceans is not obvious, the low-frequency environmental noise is calculated, and it is found that the noise level is high during the day and low at night, which is inversely proportional to the number of click signals of cetaceans during the day and night. This is considered to be caused by the difference in ship noise between day and night. The situation of ship noise during the observation period is analyzed, and it is found that cetaceans’ click signals are affected by ships. When ship noise occurs, cetaceans do not vocalize or have fewer vocalizations. Thus, it is concluded that cetaceans have a certain avoidance phenomenon towards ships.

Key words: Cetaceans, Click signals, Frequency of vocalization, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

Q958.1

刘宗伟, 赵萍, 高德政, 姜莹, 陈炳耀, 吕志超, 吕连港. 北部湾鲸豚类动物发声规律及影响因素初步分析[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(6): 831-841.

Zongwei LIU, Ping ZHAO, Dezheng GAO, Ying JIANG, Bingyao CHEN, Zhichao LYU, Liangang LYU. Preliminary analysis of vocalization patterns and influencing factors of cetaceans in the Beibu Gulf[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(6): 831-841.

图/表 12

图1 北部湾鲸豚类动物回声定位信号采集位置

Fig.1 Echolocation signal sampling locations of cetaceans in the Beibu Gulf

图2 北部湾鲸豚类动物回声定位信号数据采集设备

Fig.2 Echolocation signal data acquisition equipment for cetaceans in the Beibu Gulf

图3 回声定位信号检测结果时频图示例

Fig.3 The example of the time-frequency graph of the click signal detection result

图4 回声定位信号数量的日变化

Fig.4 The daily variation diagram of the click signals number

图5 回声定位信号数量的昼夜变化

Fig.5 The diurnal variation diagram of the click signals number

图6 各月回声定位信号数量的昼夜变化

Fig.6 The monthly diurnal variation diagram of the click signals number

图7 2023年2—5月，北部湾海水表层温度 (a)、风速 (b) 和降雨量 (c) 的日变化

Fig.7 Daily variations of sea surface temperature (a), wind speed (b), and precipitation (c) in the Beibu Gulf from February to May 2023

图8 噪声级日平均变化

Fig.8 Daily mean variation of noise level

图9 船舶噪声时频图示例 (a) 及船舶噪声能量幅度日变化 (b)

Fig.9 Spectrogram example of vessel noise (a) and diurnal variation of vessel noise energy amplitude (b)

图10 船舶噪声能量幅度昼夜变化

Fig.10 The diagram of diurnal variation of ship noise energy amplitude

图11 各月船舶噪声能量幅度昼夜变化

Fig.11 The diagram of diurnal variation of ship noise energy amplitude per month

图12 信号数量与船舶噪声能量昼夜变化对比

Fig.12 The diagram of the signal quantity and ship noise energy’s the diurnal variation comparison

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北部湾鲸豚类动物发声规律及影响因素初步分析

Preliminary analysis of vocalization patterns and influencing factors of cetaceans in the Beibu Gulf

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