关键词: 马鹿, 生境选择, 采食生境, 卧息生境, 最适生境, 数量化理论

Abstract: Both feeding and bedding habitat selection by red deer (Cervus eiaphus xantho-pygus) were studied in Dailing Region，Heilongjiang province during December 1985-March 1987．On the analysis of field data with theory of quantification，following conclusions were teached．
1．A remarkable difference appeared among factors which influenced on habitat selection and obvious changes of factors were shown in different periods of winter．The main factors which exerted notable influence on feeding habitat selection by red deer were as those：forage abundance throughout the winter months; distance from human distarbance and forest type in early and latter winter ; aspect and wind direction in middle winter；snow depth in hatter winter．And the seco ndary factors were degree of slope and horizontal cover density thtoughout the winter months. 2．Among factors in relation to bedding habitat se lection by red deer，the main
factors were horizontal cover density，distance from human disturbance and wind dire-ction．The secondary factora were degree of slope and Snow depth．However, changes among these factors were not as distinct as feeding habitat selection．
3．The optimal feeding habitat seleetions by red deer in winter were：a) weight of dry- matter of available forage >0.93g／m2 ．b)distance from human disturbance>600m ; c) Snow depth<40cm ; d) cleareut land (3- 7years)or planted poplar young growth; e) non-disturbance from other ungulates，f) slope back with the wind} south-eastern and southern exposure; and middle or lower slope position．
4．The optimal bedding habitat selections by red deer in winter were ：a)horizon-
tal cover density>0．4，b) distance from human disturha nce 900m，c)weight of dry-
matter available forage >0.4g／m 2，d)poprar birch youn g growth，e) non-disturbance
from other ungulates，f) slope back with the wind,southern exposure and midd1e slope
position.

Key words: Red deer, Cervus elaphus xanthopygus, Habitat selection, Feeding habitat, Fedding habitat, Optimal habitat, Theor of quantification