性别和季节对天山马鹿日活动节律的影响

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150896

兽类学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 368-377.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150896

性别和季节对天山马鹿日活动节律的影响

马雪君¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 高峰⁵, 穆玉琴⁵, 严晗²^,³^,⁴^,⁶, 王克春²^,³^,⁴^,⁶, 杨维康²^,³^,⁴, 徐峰¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁶()

^1.新疆极端环境生物生态适应与进化重点实验室，新疆农业大学生命科学学院，乌鲁木齐 830052
^2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，干旱区生态安全与可持续发展国家重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830011
^3.中国 -塔吉克斯坦生物资源保育与利用联合实验室，乌鲁木齐 830011
^4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆干旱区生物多样性保育与应用重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830011
^5.新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区管理局，阜康 831500
^6.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-01-08 接受日期:2024-10-16 出版日期:2025-05-31 发布日期:2025-06-03
通讯作者: 徐峰
作者简介:马雪君 (2000- )，女，硕士研究生，主要从事动物行为与保护生物学研究.
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察(2021xjkk0600);中国科学院生物多样性监测与研究网络 (Sino-BON)

Effects of sex and season on daily activity rhythms of Cervus elaphus songaricus

Xuejun MA¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Feng GAO⁵, Yuqin MU⁵, Han YAN²^,³^,⁴^,⁶, Kechun WANG²^,³^,⁴^,⁶, Weikang YANG²^,³^,⁴, Feng XU¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁶()

^1.Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
^3.Sino-Tajikistan Joint Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Urumqi 830011, China
^4.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
^5.Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve Administration, Fukang 831500, China
^6.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-01-08 Accepted:2024-10-16 Online:2025-05-31 Published:2025-06-03
Contact: Feng XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动物的活动节律受到多种环境因素的影响，反映了其对不同环境的适应能力，是评估动物与环境关系的重要指标之一。本研究通过红外相机监测技术，结合核密度曲线、重叠度分析及Wilcoxon检验，深入探讨了性别和季节对新疆天池博格达峰自治区级自然保护区马鹿天山亚种 (天山马鹿) (Cervus elaphus songaricus) 活动节律和活动强度的影响。研究结果显示：(1) 天山马鹿在春、夏、秋季展现出典型的晨昏型活动节律，即在清晨和傍晚时段各有一个活动高峰，而在冬季则呈现出三峰型活动节律；(2) 雌性和雄性马鹿的日活动节律和活动强度并无显著性差异；(3) 在不同季节中，雌性和雄性马鹿的活动节律和活动强度表现出不同的变化规律。雌性马鹿的活动节律在不同季节间存在显著差异，除了夏季与秋季，其余季节间的活动强度皆有显著差异。相较而言，雄性马鹿在冬季的活动强度显著低于其他季节，而其他季节之间则无显著差异。雌、雄性马鹿在繁殖过程中扮演的不同角色及食物供应的变动可能是影响其活动节律的主要因素。上述研究结果揭示该保护区内天山马鹿的日活动节律显著受到季节影响，而性别影响不显著，为保护区内马鹿的保护与管理策略提供了科学依据。

关键词: 博格达峰, 日活动节律, 核密度估计法, 活动强度, 马鹿天山亚种

Abstract:

The interaction between animals and their environment remains a pivotal theme in animal ecology research, with activity rhythms serving as critical indicators of how species adapt to varying ecological contexts. This study explores the activity patterns of Cervus elaphus songaricus in Tianshan Mountains using cutting-edge infrared camera monitoring techniques. Independent valid photographs of the deer were captured and analyzed to study activity patterns across different sexes and seasons. The activity rhythm curves were plotted using the‘activity’package in R4.2.1, while the OverlapEst method was employed to quantify overlap in activity between different sexes in the same season and between seasons for the same sex. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was further utilized to assess significant differences in activity intensity. Our results indicate that red deer in Tian Shan exhibit distinct bimodal activity rhythms in spring, summer, and fall with peaks in early morning and evening, contrasting with a trimodal pattern in winter. No significant differences were observed between the daily activity rhythms and intensities of male and female deer.In contrast, we detected distinct seasonal patterns in activity rhythms and intensities between sexes, with females exhibiting significant differences in activity between seasons, particularly higher intensity variations except between summer and fall. In male red deer, winter activity intensity was markedly lower, with no significant differences across other seasons. These rhythm patterns are likely influenced by factors such as food availability and the differing reproductive roles between sexes. The study concludes that while seasonal changes significantly impact the activity rhythms of red deer in Tianshan Mountains, sexual differences do not. These insights are crucial for effective conservation and management strategies of red deer in the region’s reserves.

Key words: Bogda Mountain, Daily activity rhythm, Kernel-density estimation, Activity density, Cervus elaphus songaricus

中图分类号:

Q958.1

马雪君, 高峰, 穆玉琴, 严晗, 王克春, 杨维康, 徐峰. 性别和季节对天山马鹿日活动节律的影响[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(3): 368-377.

Xuejun MA, Feng GAO, Yuqin MU, Han YAN, Kechun WANG, Weikang YANG, Feng XU. Effects of sex and season on daily activity rhythms of Cervus elaphus songaricus[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(3): 368-377.

图/表 5

图1 博格达峰保护区红外相机位点分布示意图

Fig. 1 Sketch of distribution of infrared camera sites in the Bogda Peak Nature Reserve

图2 博格达峰保护区雌、雄性天山马鹿的年日活动节律和活动强度

Fig. 2 Annual daily activity rhythms and density of activity of female and male Cervus elaphus songaricus in Bogda Peak Nature Reserve

图3 博格达峰保护区天山马鹿不同季节的日活动节律

Fig. 3 Daily activity rhythms of Cervus elaphus songaricus in different seasons in Bogda Peak Nature Reserve

图4 雄性天山马鹿不同季节间日活动节律差异对比

Fig. 4 Comparison of differences in daily activity rhythms between seasons in male Cervus elaphus songaricus

图5 雌性天山马鹿不同季节间日活动节律差异对比

Fig. 5 Comparison of differences in daily activity rhythms between seasons in female Cervus elaphus songaricus

参考文献

	Azevedo F C, Lemos F G, Freitas‑Junior M C, Rocha D G, Azevedo F C C. 2018. Puma activity patterns and temporal overlap with prey in a human‑modified landscape at Southeastern Brazil [J]. Journal of Zoology, 305 (4): 246-255.
	Bai H, Yin L Y, Su H M, Gao F, Mu Y Q, Zhang Y Y, Tong Y P, Xu W X, Cao Q M, Yang W K, Xu F. 2022. Camera trapping survey of birds and mammals in the Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, China [J]. Arid Land Geography, 45 (3): 847-859. (in Chinese)
	Berger A, Scheibe K M, Brelurut A, Schober E, Streich W. 2002. Seasonal variation of diurnal and ultradian rhythms in red deer [J]. Biological Rhythm Research, 33 (3): 237-253.
	Buzohra T, Risalat T, Zilajigvl E, Shamshidin A, Aynur A, Mahmut H. 2014. Investigation of Tianshan red deer (Cervus elaphus songaricus) population size in the Nanshan Mountains of Xinjiang,China [J]. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 35 (1): 26-30. (in Chinese)
	Chen C, Hu L, Chen Z J, Jiang X L, Wu L J, Wang X L, Bao W D. 2017. Variations in seasonal activity pattern of red deer in southern part of Daxing’an Ling Mountains,northeastern China [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 39 (4): 55-62. (in Chinese)
	Chen Y X, Xiao Z S, Zhang L, Wang X W, Li M, Xiang Z F. 2019. Activity rhythms of coexisting red serow and Chinese serow at Mt. Gaoligong as identified by camera traps [J]. Animals, 9 (12). DOI: 10.3390/ani9121071 .
	Ensing E P, Ciuti S, de Wijs F A L M, Lentferink D H, ten Hoedt A, Boyce M S, Hut R A. 2014. GPS based daily activity patterns in European red deer and north American elk (Cervus elaphus): Indication for a weak circadian clock in ungulates [J]. PLoS ONE, 9. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106997 .
	Fan P F, Ai H S, Fei H L, Zhang D, Yuan S D. 2013. Seasonal variation of diet and time budget of Eastern hoolock gibbons (Hoolock leuconedys) living in a northern montane forest [J]. Primates, 54: 137-146.
	Frey S, Fisher J T, Burton A C, Volpe J P. 2017. Investigating animal activity patterns and temporal niche partitioning using camera‑trap data: Challenges and opportunities [J]. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 3 (3): 123-132.
	Georgii B. 1981. Activity patterns of female red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the Alps [J]. Oecologia, 49 (1): 127-136.
	Gulijiang H, Liang Y. 2019. Forest fire prevention and control countermeasures in Xinjiang Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve [J]. Forest Fire Prevention, (2): 8-11. (in Chinese)
	Han L, Blank D, Wang M Y, Silva A A, Yang W K, Ruckstuhl K, Alves J. 2020. Diet differences between males and females in sexually dimorphic ungulates: a case study on Siberian ibex [J]. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 66.DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01387-w .
	Han L, Wang M Y, Yang W K, Zhu X S. 2018. The time budgets of male Capra sibirica of different ages in rutting season [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 38 (2): 139-147. (in Chinese)
	Han L, Wang Z, Blank D, Wang M Y, Yang W K. 2021. Different environmental requirements of female and male Siberian ibex, Capra sibirica [J]. Scientific Reports, 11.DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01387-w .
	Huang K, Wan Y Q, Li J Q, Zhu Y J, Sun Z Y, Xia W C, Li D Y, Ren B P. 2021. Camera‑trapping survey on mammals and birds in Baihe National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province [J]. Biodiversity Science, 29 (4): 554-559. (in Chinese)
	Ji Y R, Tao Y, Li C L, Li D Q, Zhao D, Liu F. 2021. Using camera traps to survey mammals and birds in Sichuan Xuebaoding National Nature Reserve [J]. Biodiversity Science, 29 (6): 805-810. (in Chinese)
	Jia X D, Liu X H, Yang X Z, Wu P F, Melissa S, Cai Q, He X B, Zhu Y. 2014. Seasonal activity patterns of ungulates in Qinling Mountains based on camera‑trap data [J]. Biodiversity Science, 22 (6): 737-745. (in Chinese)
	Kamler J F, Jędrzejewska B, Jędrzejewski. 2007. Activity patterns of red deer in Białowieża National Park, Poland [J]. Journal of Mammalogy, 88 (2): 508-514.
	Liu P, Fu M X, Qi D W, Song X Q, Wei W, Yang W J, Chen Y X, Zhou Y S, Liu J B, Ma R, Yu J, Yang H, Chen P, Hou R. 2020. Camera‑trapping survey of wild mammals and birds in Daxiangling Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province [J]. Biodiversity Science, 28 (7): 905-912. (in Chinese)
	Liu Z S, Wang X M, Li Z G, Cui D Y, Li X Q. 2005. Seasonal variation of diurnal activity budgets by blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) with different age‑sex classes in Helan Mountain [J].Zoological Research, 26: 350-357. (in Chinese)
	Mattfeld G F. 1974. The energetics of winter foraging by white-tailed deer: a perspective on winter concentration [D]. Ph.D thesis. New York: State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. 302686213.
	Meredith M, Ridout M S. 2014. The overlap package [EB/OL].Central R Archive Network Online. (KAR id:41474)
	Moen A N.1973. Wildlife Ecology [M]. WH Freeman and Co, San Francisco, 457.
	Moen A N. 1976. Energy conservation by white‐tailed deer in the winter [J]. Ecology, 57 (1): 192-198.
	Moen A N. 1978. Seasonal changes in heart rates, activity, metabolism, and forage intake of white‑tailed deer [J]. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 42 (4): 715-738.
	Neuhaus P, Ruckstuhl K E. 2002. Foraging behaviour in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex): consequences of reproductive status, body size, age and sex [J]. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 14 (4): 373-381.
	Ozoga J J, Verme L J. 1975. Activity patterns of white-tailed deer during estrus [J]. Journal of Wildlife Management, 39: 679-683.
	Pépin D, Morellet N, Goulard M. 2009. Seasonal and daily walking activity patterns of free‑ranging adult red deer (Cervus elaphus) at the individual level [J]. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 55 (5): 479-486.
	Pépin D, Renaud P C, Dumont B, Decuq F. 2006. Time budget and 24-h temporal rest‑activity patterns of captive red deer hinds [J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 101 (3-4): 339-354.
	Qiao J, Gong X L, Jia W, Jia G Q, Jiang Y, Zhou H M, Li J Q, Wen A X, Wang J. 2023. Distribution, group size and activity rhythm of wolves (Canis lupus) in the Gongga Mountains, Sichuan Province [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 43 (3): 248-257. (in Chinese)
	Qiu B H, Meng Q L, Jin Z J, Jiang Q, Wang C. 2022.Analysis of daily activity rhythms of three ungulates in Winter in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve [J].Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 43 (2): 331-336. (in Chinese)
	Ridout M S, Linkie M. 2009. Estimating overlap of daily activity patterns from camera trap data [J]. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, 14 (3): 322-337.
	Rizihan A, Aysajan T, Amila A, Zhou C L, Mahmut H. 2013. Winter food habits of Tianshan red deer (Cervus elaphus songaricus) in Nanshan mountains of Urumqi, China [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 33 (4): 326-332. (in Chinese)
	Rowcliffe J M, Kays R, Kranstauber B, Carbone C, Jansen P A. 2014. Quantifying levels of animal activity using camera trap data [J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5 (11): 1170-1179.
	Sheng H, Ohtaishi N. 1993. Deer of China: Biology and Management [M]. Amsterdam, Netherland: Elsevier Science.
	Wang D, Wan Y Q, Wang S Z, Chen J P, Wu T, Li J Q, Lian X M. 2020. Camera‑trapping survey of the diversity of mammals and birds in the Tuotuo River basin of the source region of the Yangtze River [J]. Biodiversity Science, 28 (9): 1132-1140. (in Chinese)
	Wang L, Zhou L J, Wei K L, Zhang M H, Zhang W Q. 2023. Relationship between winter food composition pattern of red deer (Cervus elaphus xanthopygus) and plant secondary metabolites in Muling, China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43 (17): 7170-7180. (in Chinese)
	Wang M, Liu W, Silva A A, Xu W, Yang W, Ruckstuhl K E, Alves J. 2021. Low size dimorphism does not lead to reduced sexual segregation: exploring effects of habitat divergence and activity [J]. Animal Behaviour, 179: 225-233.
	Wei F W, Yang Q S, Wu Y, Jiang X L, Liu S Y, Li B G, Yang G, Li M, Zhou J, Li S, Hu Y B, Ge D Y, Li S, Yu W H, Chen B Y, Zhang Z J, Zhou C Q, Wu S B, Zhang L, Chen Z Z, Chen S D, Deng H Q, Jiang Y L, Zhang L B, Shi H Y, Lu X L, Li Q, Liu Z, Cui Y Q, Li Y C. 2021. Catalogue of mammals in China (2021) [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 41 (5): 487-501. (in Chinese)
	Westoby M. 1974. An analysis of diet selection by large generalist herbivores [J]. The American Naturalist, 108 (961): 290-304.
	Xiao M, He F, Yang X, Cai L J, Zhan L M, Yang B, Li S Q. 2022. Activity rhythm and seasonal changes of Sichuan Takin (Budorcas tibetanus) in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province [J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 43 (3): 36-43. (in Chinese)
	Xu F, Ma M, Yang W K, Blank D, Wu Y Q. 2012. Test of the activity budget hypothesis on Asiatic ibex in Tian Shan Mountains of Xinjiang, China [J]. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 38: 71-75.
	Xu S H, Wu J H, Zhang B F, Shi M H, Wang Y C, Hu X, Hu D F. 2023. Comparative Analysis of intestinal microbial population of two subspecies of captive red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Xinjiang [J]. Journal of Microbiology, 43 (5): 28-37. (in Chinese)
	Yang G M, Li J Q, Zhang M M, Hu C S, Su H J. 2022. Camera‑trapping survey and activity pattern analysis on mammals and birds in Pogang Karst Forest Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province, China [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 42 (3): 325-338. (in Chinese)
	Yearsley J M, Pérez‑Barbería F J. 2005. Does the activity budget hypothesis explain sexual segregation in ungulates? [J]. Animal Behaviour, 69 (2): 257-267.
	Zhang N, Liu P, Li Z Z, Meng D H, Teng L W, Liu Z S. 2021. Study on group behavior of Cervus elaphus alashanicus in Helan Mountains based on infrared cameras [J]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 40 (6): 632-639. (in Chinese)
	Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Fang L, Han Y G, Zhu Q, Qi L, Zhou W M, Zhou L, Yu D B. 2021. Spatiotemporal variation of net primary productivity of spruce‑fir forest at high altitudes and the driving forces in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 40 (11): 3483-3492. (in Chinese)
	Zhu X S, Wang M Y, Yang W K, David B. 2016. Social structure of Asiatic ibex (Capra sibirica) in Middle Tien Shan, Xinjiang [J]. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 36 (1): 56-63. (in Chinese)
	Zilajigvl E, Risalat T, Buzohra T, Aynur A, Mahmut H. 2014. Microsatellite diversity of the Tianshan red deer (Cervus elaphus songaricus) of Nanshan population in Xinjiang [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 28 (12): 132-137. (in Chinese)
	马合木提·哈力克主编. 2012. 中国新疆塔里木马鹿 [M]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学出版社.
	王东, 万雅琼, 汪世钊, 陈佳萍, 吴彤, 李佳琦, 连新明. 2020. 基于红外相机技术调查长江正源沱沱河流域鸟兽多样性 [J]. 生物多样性, 28 (9): 1132-1140.
	王琳, 周良俊, 魏楷丽, 张明海, 张玮琪. 2023. 穆棱林区野生东北马鹿种群冬季食物组成模式与植物代谢产物的关系 [J].生态学报, 43 (17): 7170-7180.
	日孜汗·阿布地艾尼, 艾萨江·图合提, 阿米拉·阿布来提, 周璨林, 马合木提·哈力克. 2013 .乌鲁木齐南山山区天山马鹿冬季食性分析 [J].兽类学报, 33 (4): 326-332.
	古力江·哈孜,梁瀛. 2019. 新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区森林火灾防控对策 [J].森林防火, (2): 8-11.
	布左拉·吐尔逊, 日沙来提·吐尔地, 孜拉吉古丽·西克然木,夏米西丁·阿不都热依木, 阿依努尔·阿卜杜艾尼, 马合木提·哈力克. 2014. 新疆乌鲁木齐南山山区天山马鹿 (Cervus elaphus songaricus) 种群数量调查 [J]. 野生动物学报, 35 (1): 26-30.
	白慧, 尹丽颖, 苏辉明, 高峰, 穆玉琴, 张芸芸, 童玉平, 徐文轩, 曹秋梅, 杨维康, 徐峰. 2022. 利用红外相机监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区鸟兽资源 [J].干旱区地理, 45 (3): 847-859.
	朱新胜, 汪沐阳, 杨维康, Blank David. 2016. 新疆天山中部北山羊社群结构 [J]. 兽类学报, 36 (1): 56-63.
	乔江, 龚小丽, 贾伟, 贾国清, 蒋勇, 周华明, 李佳琦, 温安祥, 王杰. 2023. 四川贡嘎山狼的分布、群体大小和活动节律 [J].兽类学报, 43 (3): 248-257.
	刘振生, 王小明, 李志刚, 崔多英, 李新庆. 2005. 贺兰山岩羊不同年龄和性别昼间时间分配的季节差异 [J]. 动物学研究, (4): 350-357.
	刘鹏, 付明霞, 齐敦武, 宋心强, 韦伟, 杨琬婧, 陈玉祥, 周延山, 刘家斌, 马锐, 余吉, 杨洪, 陈鹏, 侯蓉. 2020. 利用红外相机监测四川大相岭自然保护区鸟兽物种多样性 [J]. 生物多样性, 28 (7): 905-912.
	苏辉明, 牛生明. 2016. 野生维管束植物彩色图鉴 [M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 9.
	李淑玲,马建章, 包军. 2008. 圈养种群天山马鹿繁殖行为的季节变化规律 [J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, (7): 100-101.
	杨光美, 李佳琦, 张明明, 胡灿实, 粟海军. 2022. 贵州坡岗喀斯特森林自然保护区红外相机兽类和鸟类监测及活动节律分析 [J]. 兽类学报, 42 (3): 325-338.
	杨兆萍, 张小雷, 徐晓亮. 2017. 新疆天山世界自然遗产 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 41-59.
	肖梅, 何芳, 杨旭, 蔡丽君, 谌利民, 杨彪, 李生强. 2022. 唐家河国家级自然保护区四川羚牛 (Budorcas tibetanus) 活动节律及季节变化 [J]. 四川林业科技, 43 (3): 36-43.
	邱宝鸿, 孟庆礼, 金哲军, 姜权, 王超. 2022. 长白山自然保护区三种有蹄类动物冬季日活动节律研究 [J].野生动物学报, 43 (2): 331-336.
	张月, 袁泉, 房磊, 韩艳刚, 朱琪, 齐麟, 周旺明, 周莉, 于大炮. 2021. 长白山自然保护区高海拔云冷杉林净初级生产力时空格局及其驱动因子 [J]. 生态学杂志, 40 (11): 3483-3492.
	张楠, 刘鹏, 李宗智, 孟德怀, 滕丽微, 刘振生. 2021. 基于红外相机技术的贺兰山阿拉善马鹿集群行为研究 [J].四川动物, 40 (6): 632-639.
	孜拉吉古丽·西克然木, 热沙来提·吐尔地, 布左拉·吐尔逊, 阿依努尔·阿卜杜艾尼, 马合木提·哈力克. 2014. 新疆天山马鹿 (Cervus elaphus songaricus) 南山种群遗传多样性研究 [J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 28 (12): 132-137.
	陈琛, 胡磊, 陈照娟, 姜秀丽, 乌力吉, 王晓玲, 鲍伟东. 2017. 大兴安岭南段马鹿日活动节律的季节变化研究 [J].北京林业大学学报, 39 (4): 55-62.
	贾晓东, 刘雪华, 杨兴中, 武鹏峰, Songer Melissa, 蔡琼, 何祥博, 朱云. 2014. 利用红外相机技术分析秦岭有蹄类动物活动节律的季节性差异 [J]. 生物多样性, 22 (6): 737-745.
	徐尚华, 吴家慧, 张宝峰, 石明慧, 王一晨, 胡昕, 胡德夫. 2023. 圈养条件下新疆马鹿两个亚种的肠道菌群比较分析 [J]. 微生物学杂志, 43 (5): 28-37.
	高峰. 2020. 天池博格达峰自然保护区典型地貌及成因分析 [J]. 新疆林业, (6): 7-8.
	姬云瑞, 陶义, 李昌林, 李迪强, 赵定, 刘芳. 2021. 利用红外相机调查四川雪宝顶国家级自然保护区鸟类和兽类多样性 [J]. 生物多样性, 29 (6): 805-810.
	黄凯, 万雅琼, 李佳琦, 朱宇静, 孙治宇, 夏万才, 黎大勇, 任宝平. 2021. 四川白河国家级自然保护区鸟兽红外相机监测 [J]. 生物多样性, 29 (4): 554-559.
	韩雷, 汪沐阳, 杨维康, 朱新胜. 2018. 不同年龄雄性北山羊发情期时间分配特征 [J].兽类学报, 38 (2): 139-147.
	魏辅文, 杨奇森, 吴毅, 蒋学龙, 刘少英, 李保国, 杨光, 李明, 周江, 李松, 胡义波, 葛德燕, 李晟, 余文华, 陈炳耀, 张泽钧, 周材权, 吴诗宝, 张立, 陈中正, 陈顺德, 邓怀庆, 江廷磊, 张礼标, 石红艳, 卢学理, 李权, 刘铸, 崔雅倩, 李玉春. 2021. 中国兽类名录 (2021版) [J]. 兽类学报, 41 (5): 487-501.

[1]	李明慧, 黄莘钧, 常劲, 莫志民, 万冬梅, 蒋一婷. 辽西地区狍的相对多度、集群模式及日活动节律[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(3): 356-367.
[2]	庞大鹏, 王兰荣, 卢雨婷, 黄嘉伟, 许鹏, 江清悦, 丁仲文, 陈云峰, 丁俊, 张保卫. 安徽麝及其同域分布有蹄类动物时间生态位格局初步研究[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(3): 302-311.
[3]	孙捷, 章蜜, 罗伟, 顾杭敏, 张微微. 庐山国家级自然保护区同域分布的鼬獾和花面狸时空分布格局[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(1): 60-69.
[4]	王天晖, 马永胜, 吴昊, 贺孜尔汗·萨塔尔, 胡阿提·哈比亚西, 高帅帅, 张宇, 李佳. 阿尔金山山脉东段雪豹活动节律和空间分布[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(6): 729-737.
[5]	李雪阳, 何彦瑾, 陈熙尔, 依严, 黄红, 董正一, 边巴扎西, 赵翔, 史湘莹, 吕植. 西藏丁青县大型食肉动物分布现况、栖息地影响因素及时空生态位关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(6): 681-694.
[6]	杜世平, 吴怡豪, 鲁庆斌, 马铭泽, 董爽, 方茹意, 苏秀. 浙江丘陵林业生产区野猪的分布状况及其影响因素[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(4): 466-477.
[7]	白小节, 肖文宏, 张廷跃, 刘邦友, 肖治术, 刘伟. 赤水桫椤自然保护区小灵猫及其潜在啮齿类猎物活动节律的季节适应格局[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(3): 309-320.
[8]	赵家乐, 龚笑飞, 潘江炎, 李悦, 温作豪, 叶毅, 高建明, 赵阿勇, 林植华. 浙江遂昌地区同域分布猪獾与花面狸时空生态位比较[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(3): 297-308.
[9]	林炜明, 翁悦, 阿家, 王敏, 王琦, 王放. 四川八月林自然保护区大灵猫日活动节律、栖息地利用及其对人类活动响应的初步研究[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(4): 364-377.
[10]	胡娟, 谢培根, 李婷婷, 郭瑞, 许丽娟, 宋虓, 徐爱春. 同域分布的黑麂和小麂的时空生态位分化[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(6): 641-651.
[11]	杨光美, 李佳琦, 张明明, 胡灿实, 粟海军. 贵州坡岗喀斯特森林自然保护区红外相机兽类和鸟类监测及活动节律分析[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(3): 325-338.
[12]	陈尔骏, 官天培, 李晟. 四川岷山小麂的种群性比、社会结构和活动节律[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(1): 1-11.
[13]	苏宇晗, 蔡琼, 朱自煜, 何祥博, 刘雪华, Melissa Songer. 利用红外相机技术监测道路对野生动物丰富度的影响——以观音山国家级自然保护区道路为例[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(1): 49-57.
[14]	姚维, 汪国海, 林建忠, 龙继凤, 李佳琦, 周岐海. 同域分布鼬獾和食蟹獴活动节律的比较[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(2): 128-135.
[15]	施小刚, 史晓昀, 胡强, 冯茜, 金森龙, 程跃红, 张静, 姚蒙, 李晟. 四川邛崃山脉雪豹与赤狐时空生态位关系[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(2): 115-127.

性别和季节对天山马鹿日活动节律的影响

Effects of sex and season on daily activity rhythms of Cervus elaphus songaricus

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics