关键词: 羚牛, 分子系统地理学, 种群遗传结构, 遗传多样性, 保护

Abstract: Takin ( Budorcas taxicolor) is a large rare animal endemic to Asian continent. It belongs to Bovidae in Artiodactyla and mainly distributes in China and some locations of Burma , India , Nepal and Bhutan. Takin is currently threatened seriously by habitat loss , fragmentation and human activities. In order to develop adequate conservation and scientific management strategies for effectively protecting this endangered species , it is important to understand population genetic structure , evolutionary history and genetic diversity of takin. Based on mtDNA D-Loop 330 base pairs analysis , we investigated the population genetic structure , molecular phylogeography , and genetic diversity of 40 takins sampled from Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province , southern Gansu Province , Min Mountains and Qionglai Mountains in Sichuan Province , and Gong Mountains in Yunnan Province.According to sample distribution , they can be divided into three geographic units , i.e. , Qingling , Sichuan and Yunnan. The results indicated that there were only 4 haplotypes in takin samples without sharing haplotype among three geographic units. The average divergence within the 4 haplotypes was 1.66 %. Furthermore , the AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance) analysis and phylogenetic trees also indicated that there was a significant genetic subdivision ( P < 0.000 1) and relatively lower gene flow among geographic units.There was an obvious molecular phylogeographic pattern in takin samples. We suggested that the distribution pattern resulted fromlong-term geographical barriers and the considerable climatic fluctuation in Pleistocene. Thus , we also suggested that the four haplotypes (Qingling , Sichuan 1 , Sichuan 2 , and Yunnan) may be considered as 4 different management units and need to be conserved.

Key words: Takin ( Budorcas taxicolor), Molecular phylogeography, Population genetic structure, Genetic diversity, Conservation