圈养马麝幼仔哺乳期时间分配及影响因素

兽类学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 35-42.

圈养马麝幼仔哺乳期时间分配及影响因素

王梦阳黎勇周密盛岩孟秀祥

（1 中国人民大学环境学院，北京 100872）
（2山西农业大学动物科技学院，山西太谷 030801）
（3 兰州逢春麝业科技有限公司，甘肃榆中 730116）

出版日期:2019-01-30 发布日期:2019-01-18
通讯作者: 孟秀祥 E-mail: meng2014@ruc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31672300) ；中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目)(15XNLQ02)

Time budget of captive alpine musk deer （Moschus chrysogaster sifanicus） fawns during lactation period

WANG Mengyang, LI Yong, ZHOU Mi, SHENG Yan, MENG Xiuxiang

（1 School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China）
（2 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China）
（3 Lanzhou Fengchun Musk Deer Technology Co. Ltd., Yuzhong 730116, Gansu, China）

Online:2019-01-30 Published:2019-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究于2017年7月17日至8月16日，在甘肃兴隆山马麝繁育场对圈养马麝（Moschus chrysogaster sifanicus）当年生仔麝进行了哺乳期的行为取样，量化记录了摄食、卧息、刻板等10类行为，分析了仔麝哺乳期时间分配格局及与性别和年龄等因素的关系。结果表明，圈养马麝仔麝在哺乳期（1 ~ 3月龄）的卧息（39.55% ± 4.53%）及摄食（28.03% ± 1.58%）时间分配最多；仔麝在哺乳前期（1月龄）、中期（2月龄）及后期（3月龄）的卧息、摄食及刻板行为的展现时间逐渐增加，运动行为在中期达到峰值（4.99% ± 0.64%），母幼联系等其他行为逐渐下降；仔麝的刻板行为在哺乳中期开始发育，后期刻板行为（3.33% ± 1.83%）显著高于中期（1.15% ± 0.77%）（P < 0.05）；仔麝摄食与排泄行为的分配时间呈正相关（r = 0.833，P = 0.010），母幼联系与社会行为呈正相关（r = 0.802，P = 0.017），环境探究与社会行为呈显著正相关（r = 0.970，P < 0.001）；圈舍内有成年雄麝的仔麝的卧息时间（59.50% ± 8.17%）显著高于圈舍内缺失雄麝的仔麝（37.82% ± 6.12%）（P < 0.05），前者的母幼联系（1.10% ± 0.52%）也相对低于后者（3.80% ± 1.07%）（P > 0.05）；仔麝性别对其行为时间分配的影响均不显著（P > 0.05）。本研究表明，马麝的母幼关系属于典型“隐蔽者”类型，仔麝刻板行为的发育始于哺乳中期，其发育和表达强度随年龄递增而加强，同圈舍的成年雄麝对仔麝的行为和生长发育有负面效应。

关键词: 圈养, 马麝, 哺乳期, 时间分配, 行为相关性

Abstract: We examined the behavior of captive alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster berezovskii) fawns from July 17 to October 16, 2017 in Xinglong Mountain, Gansu Province. The study quantified and recorded ingestion, bedding, stereotypical, and 10 other types of behavior; analyzed the characteristics of time management change; and discussed the effects of gender, adult male alpine musk deer, and age. The results show that bedding down (39.55% ± 4.53%) and ingestion (28.03% ± 1.58%) by fawns accounted for the maximum proportion of time management. During the early nursing stage (1 months old), medium stage (2 months old), and later stage (3 months old), time of bedding, ingesting, and stereotypical behavior rose gradually; moving time (4.99% ± 0.64%) peaked at the medium stage, and mother–young contact time and other types of behavior declined gradually. Stereotypical behavior began at the medium stage, and increased in the later stage (3.33% ± 1.83%) , significantlyhigher than in the medium stage (1.15% ± 0.77%) (P < 0.05). The effects of age in other types of behavior were not remarkable (P > 0.05). The results show the correlation of some types of fawn behaviors: ingesting was positively correlated with urinating (r = 0.833, P = 0.010), mother–young contact was positively correlated with social behavior (r = 0.802, P = 0.017), and environment sniffing was positively correlated with social behavior (r = 0.970, P< 0.001). The bedding time of fawns with adult male alpine musk deer (59.50% ± 8.17%) was higher than that of other fawns (37.82% ± 6.12%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mother–young contact time of fawns with adult male alpine musk deer (1.10% ± 0.52%) was lower than that of other fawns (3.80% ± 1.07%), and the difference was nearly significant (P > 0.05). The gender effect on all types of behavior categories of fawns was not significant (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that alpine musk deer are hiders, their stereotypical behavior begins in the young period, and the effect of age on stereotypical behavioral development is signifcant. There are correlations between some types of behaviors of fawns. Adult males have a negative effect on the growth and behavioral development of fawns. The effect of gender on the behavior category of fawns is not significant.

王梦阳黎勇周密盛岩孟秀祥. 圈养马麝幼仔哺乳期时间分配及影响因素[J]. 兽类学报, 2019, 39(1): 35-42.

WANG Mengyang, LI Yong, ZHOU Mi, SHENG Yan, MENG Xiuxiang. Time budget of captive alpine musk deer （Moschus chrysogaster sifanicus） fawns during lactation period[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2019, 39(1): 35-42.

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