关键词: 狍, 消化道, 形态, 食物颗粒分布, 冬季, 营养适应

Abstract: 14 roe deer(Capreolus capreolus) were shot in Xiaodong Forest Region of Tonghe County, Heilongjang Province during winter seasonof 1999. Morphological and structural features of digestive tracts were measured by anatomical methods, and food particles distribution in the digestive tracts were analyzed by a wet-sieving procedure. Therumen tissue weight accounted for 71.3士2.6% of total stomach, followed by abomasum (11.5 士2.2% ), omasum (9.7士 2.3% ) and reticulum (7.6士 0.9% ). The mostnumerous, best developed and largest papillae were found in the cranioventral floor of the atrium of the rumrn, and the papillary surface enlargement factor was significantly higher than other sampling sites (P< 0.05), the cranioventral floor of the atrium of the rumen is the one of most important digestive and absorptive sites. The reticulo-omasal orifice had an important role in controlling the food particles passing on to the lower digestive tract. The large-sized particles were reduced in size by rumination and microbial fermentation in the reticulo-rumen, the smaller particles produced eventually passed through the ceticulo-omasal orifice. The proportion of large-sized particles(>1.00 mm) was highest in reticulo-rumen (35.06士10.76%), which declined quickly in the lower digestive tract. The small-sized particles(<1.00 mm) increased significantly in omasum, abomasum and other lower digestive tract. 1.00 mm is the critical particle size for roe deer during winter. Roe deer is adapted to poor quality food nutrients during the winter season and the morphology of its digestive tract is geared to an adaptive strategy that increases capacity of food particles in reticulorumen and narrowed reticulo-omasal orifice to increase the retention time of fibrous digesta particles in the reticulorumen with a greater time for fermentation and comminution to better satisfy the seasonal energy requirement.

Key words: Digestive tract, Food particles distribution, Morphology, Nutrition adaption, Roe deer(Capreolus capreolus), Winter