关键词: 猕猴, 地理种群, mtDNA 控制区, 遗传多样性, 遗传分化

Abstract: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is widely used as a model primate in the laboratory,and wild populations
in China are protected under the wildlife protection act (Class II). In order to improve and develop conservation and
scientific management strategies an understanding of rhesus macaque population structure and genetic diversity within Sichuan,a province in which the species is numerous and widely distributed,is essential. To this end we sequenced the 489 bp mitochondrial D-loop of two hundred and thirty one Rhesus macaque samples collected from eight geographic regions within Sichuan. We found one hundred and ten (22. 49%) sites to be polymorphic and that the genetic diversity within Sichuan is high (mean haplotype diversity (h) = 0, 686, mean nucleotide diversity (π = 0. 01483). Further analysis revealed a significantly divided population within Sichuan (Fst = 0. 70412,P < 0. 05)and relatively low gene flow between the geographic locations sampled. Haplotypes were also found to cluster according to their sample region within the phylogenetic tree constructed,revealing an obvious molecular phylogeographic pattern in Sichuan rhesus macaques. We suggest that this population subdivision is the result of both long-term geographic barriers and human activity.

Key words: Genetic diversity, Genetic subdivision, Geographical population, mtDNA control region, Rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)