兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 251-263.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151015
张健嵩1,2, 王继山1,2, 杨子诚1,2, 保明伟4,5, 王斌6, 熊朝永6, 苏锐7, 陈飞1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:2024-09-19
接受日期:2024-12-25
出版日期:2026-03-30
发布日期:2026-03-06
通讯作者:
陈飞
作者简介:张健嵩(1995- ),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事生物多样性保护研究.
基金资助:
Jiansong ZHANG1,2, Jishan WANG1,2, Zicheng YANG1,2, Mingwei BAO4,5, Bin WANG6, Chaoyong XIONG6, Rui SU7, Fei CHEN1,2,3(
)
Received:2024-09-19
Accepted:2024-12-25
Online:2026-03-30
Published:2026-03-06
Contact:
Fei CHEN
摘要:
野生动物活动节律研究需要长时间、连续的数据收集,对于那些数量稀少、行踪隐秘和对人类干扰敏感的动物很难做到持续监测,导致对其活动节律了解不足。卫星定位追踪项圈因其高效性、便利性和可靠性等多方面优点,被广泛用于野生动物的跟踪监测,卫星项圈数据也逐渐用于野生动物活动节律分析。本研究以国家一级重点保护野生动物亚洲象(Elephas maximus)为研究对象,于2023年6月至2024年5月利用北斗卫星项圈对其进行了卫星跟踪。分别利用活动量数据和移动速率数据对亚洲象活动节律进行分析,并对两类数据所得到的活动节律模式进行对比。结果表明:佩戴项圈的亚洲象累积有效追踪天数共366 d,回传数据13 520条,跟踪期间亚洲象日均移动距离为(4.114 ± 0.10)km,日最大移动距离为12.79 km。亚洲象的日活动节律呈现明显双峰模式,属晨昏活动类型,活动高峰期主要出现于上午07: 00—09: 00和晚上19: 00—21: 00。各月份间亚洲象活动强度存在显著差异(χ2 = 490.303,df = 11,P < 0.01),1—7月活动频率保持在较高水平,4月达到峰值,8月开始活动强度逐渐下降,9—12月是亚洲象的活动低谷期。季节间活动强度存在差异,活动强度从大到小依次为夏季、冬季、春季和秋季;干湿季间活动强度也存在显著差异,雨季下午的活动强度低于旱季。基于活动量数据和移动速率数据所得到的活动节律曲线走势基本相同,但各时间段内两种数据识别出的亚洲象活动低谷期和高峰期时间有所差异。研究揭示了被追踪亚洲象个体活动节律及季节差异,对比了基于不同项圈数据的活动节律,可为未来更深入、全面的亚洲象管理和研究工作提供借鉴与参考。
中图分类号:
张健嵩, 王继山, 杨子诚, 保明伟, 王斌, 熊朝永, 苏锐, 陈飞. 卫星项圈数据揭示亚洲象的双峰活动节律[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(2): 251-263.
Jiansong ZHANG, Jishan WANG, Zicheng YANG, Mingwei BAO, Bin WANG, Chaoyong XIONG, Rui SU, Fei CHEN. Satellite collar data reveals dual-peak activity rhythm of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(2): 251-263.
项目 Item | 定位精度 Position accuracy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | 不可用 Unavailable | |
偏差 Deviation | 5 m | 10 m | 20 m | 100 m | 2 000 m | 定位失败 Localization failure |
表1 卫星定位精度等级和偏差
Table 1 Satellite positioning accuracy levels and deviations
项目 Item | 定位精度 Position accuracy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | 不可用 Unavailable | |
偏差 Deviation | 5 m | 10 m | 20 m | 100 m | 2 000 m | 定位失败 Localization failure |
图4 基于活动量数据的不同季节亚洲象日活动节律. a:春季;b:夏季;c:秋季;d:冬季
Fig. 4 Daily activity rhythms of Asian elephant in different seasons based on activity level data. a: spring; b: summer; c: autumn; d: winter
图9 基于速率数据的不同季节亚洲象日活动节律. a:春季;b:夏季;c:秋季;d:冬季
Fig. 9 Daily activity rhythms of Asian elephant in different seasons based on movement rates. a: spring; b: summer; c: autumn; d: winter
时间 Time | 上午活动低谷 Low morning activity | 上午活动高峰 Peak morning activity | 中午活动低谷 Low noon activity | 下午活动高峰 Peak afternoon activity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
活动量 Activity level | 速率 Movement rate | 活动量 Activity level | 速率 Movement rate | 活动量 Activity level | 速率 Movement rate | 活动量 Activity level | 速率 Movement rate | |
全年 All year | 06: 00—07: 00 | 05: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—09: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 13: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 |
春季 Spring | 06: 00—07: 00 | 05: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—09: 00 | 07: 00—09: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—13: 00 | 20: 00—21: 00 | 19: 00—20: 00 |
夏季 Summer | 04: 00—06: 00 | 04: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—09: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 |
秋季 Autumn | 06: 00—07: 00 | 05: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—10: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 13: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—16: 00 | 19: 00—20: 00 | 20: 00—21: 00 |
冬季 Winter | 07: 00—08: 00 | 05: 00—07: 00 | 09: 00—10: 00 | 07: 00—09: 00 | 13: 00—16: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 19: 00—20: 00 | 18: 00—19: 00 |
干季 Dry season | 06: 00—07: 00 | 05: 00—06: 00 | 09: 00—10: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 13: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 | 18: 00—20: 00 |
湿季 Rainy season | 05: 00—06: 00 | 04: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—09: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—15: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 |
表2 不同数据下日活动节律差异
Table 2 Differences in daily activity rhythms with different data
时间 Time | 上午活动低谷 Low morning activity | 上午活动高峰 Peak morning activity | 中午活动低谷 Low noon activity | 下午活动高峰 Peak afternoon activity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
活动量 Activity level | 速率 Movement rate | 活动量 Activity level | 速率 Movement rate | 活动量 Activity level | 速率 Movement rate | 活动量 Activity level | 速率 Movement rate | |
全年 All year | 06: 00—07: 00 | 05: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—09: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 13: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 |
春季 Spring | 06: 00—07: 00 | 05: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—09: 00 | 07: 00—09: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—13: 00 | 20: 00—21: 00 | 19: 00—20: 00 |
夏季 Summer | 04: 00—06: 00 | 04: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—09: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 |
秋季 Autumn | 06: 00—07: 00 | 05: 00—06: 00 | 08: 00—10: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 13: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—16: 00 | 19: 00—20: 00 | 20: 00—21: 00 |
冬季 Winter | 07: 00—08: 00 | 05: 00—07: 00 | 09: 00—10: 00 | 07: 00—09: 00 | 13: 00—16: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 19: 00—20: 00 | 18: 00—19: 00 |
干季 Dry season | 06: 00—07: 00 | 05: 00—06: 00 | 09: 00—10: 00 | 07: 00—08: 00 | 13: 00—14: 00 | 12: 00—14: 00 | 19: 00—21: 00 | 18: 00—20: 00 |
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