ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 716-727.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150656
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Xier CHEN1, Lijie YIN1,2(), Dagong QIN1,2, Jinxian YAO1, Xiaoyu LI1, Wenshi PAN1
Received:
2021-12-29
Accepted:
2022-09-23
Online:
2022-11-30
Published:
2022-12-02
Contact:
Lijie YIN
陈熙尔1, 殷丽洁1,2(), 秦大公1,2, 姚锦仙1, 李小雨1, 潘文石1
通讯作者:
殷丽洁
作者简介:
陈熙尔 (1996- ),男,硕士,主要从事保护生物学研究和实践
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Xier CHEN, Lijie YIN, Dagong QIN, Jinxian YAO, Xiaoyu LI, Wenshi PAN. An overview of population survey methods of non-human primates[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 42(6): 716-727.
陈熙尔, 殷丽洁, 秦大公, 姚锦仙, 李小雨, 潘文石. 非人灵长类种群数量调查方法综述[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(6): 716-727.
调查方法 Survey methods | 特点和优势 Features and advantages | 适用条件 Conditions applied | 获得参数 Parameters acquired |
---|---|---|---|
逐个计数法 Total count | 通常有当地居民或一线人员长期参与监测,数量较为准确 Long-term efforts of the local surveyors, results relatively accurate | 对种群活动范围有所了解或者可跟踪目标群 Animal’s activity pattern or home range known well; groups easy to follow | 较为精确的个体数量范围 Relatively accurate range of population size |
样线法 Line transect distance sampling | 系统抽样,结合数学模型和软件在短期内给出估值 A systematic sampling method incorporating models and softwares, yielding estimates with relatively short-term survey | 需满足关键假设,动物分布较为均匀 Key assumptions need to be fulfilled, with animals evenly distributed | 种群密度估计值与精度估计 Population density estimates with confidence intervals |
样点法 Point count distance sampling | 系统抽样,更适合复杂和斑块化地形 A systematic sampling method for complicated and patched landscape | 需满足特定假设和随机性、重复性原则 Key assumptions need to be fulfilled, as well as principles of randomization and replication | 种群密度估计值与精度估计 Population density estimates with confidence intervals |
叫声回放样线法 Line transect distance sampling with playback | 适用于较难观察但叫声频繁的灵长类动物 For elusive primates that are difficult to observe but contact with calls frequently | 灵长类叫声频繁,对回放有反应,亦需满足样线法假设 Assumptions for distance sampling need to be fulfilled; primates frequently call and should react to playback used | 种群密度估计值与精度估计 Population density estimates with confidence intervals |
红外相机调查法 Infra-red camera trap survey | 调查人员无需在场,可探测隐蔽物种和夜间工作,有利于新种的发现;红外相机数据平台相继建立有利于不同地区同一物种的相对多度指数的比较研究 Capable of working 24 hours with no researcher present; may detect elusive species and potential new species; RAI could be compared across camera trap data platform | 调查对象活动范围易于被相机拍摄到 Animal’s activity should be detected by camera traps (relatively close to the ground) | 基于探测频次计算得到的相对多度指数 Relative abundance index (RAI) calculated based on detection frequencies |
遗传调查法 Genetic methods of surveying | 无损伤采样,构建遗传结构、获取性别比例,结合标志—重捕模型估计种群数量 A non-invasive sampling method; capable of constructing genetic structure of populations, calculating sex ratio, and estimating population size with mark-recapture models | 适用面较广,可获得遗传结构等种群信息 Could be applied with other methods in various conditions | 种群数量估计、置信区间;遗传多样性,性别比例,最小种群数量等 Estimates of population size with confidence intervals; genetic diversity, sex ratio, minimum population size, etc. |
无人机调查法 Survey by unmanned aerial vehicle | 快速获得开阔地带或山顶、树冠等地面难以观察的区域的动物数量和活动位置,以及夜宿洞使用情况和山顶地形等 A method capable of rapidly acquiring the number and position of animal groups in open landscape or on mountain summits or crown canopy. In addition, it facilitates the survey of overnight-staying sites/caves and the topology of mountain summits | 适合无人机飞行的开阔地带、山顶、山腰、树冠上空;结合热成像技术可探测林下的动物 Can be applied in open landscapes, above mountain summits, hillsides, or crown canopy. When applied with thermal imaging, capable of detecting animals in forest understory | 群体或个体的准确位置和数量 Accurate number and position of animal groups and individuals |
Table 1 Features, applicable conditions and parameters of non-human primate population survey methods
调查方法 Survey methods | 特点和优势 Features and advantages | 适用条件 Conditions applied | 获得参数 Parameters acquired |
---|---|---|---|
逐个计数法 Total count | 通常有当地居民或一线人员长期参与监测,数量较为准确 Long-term efforts of the local surveyors, results relatively accurate | 对种群活动范围有所了解或者可跟踪目标群 Animal’s activity pattern or home range known well; groups easy to follow | 较为精确的个体数量范围 Relatively accurate range of population size |
样线法 Line transect distance sampling | 系统抽样,结合数学模型和软件在短期内给出估值 A systematic sampling method incorporating models and softwares, yielding estimates with relatively short-term survey | 需满足关键假设,动物分布较为均匀 Key assumptions need to be fulfilled, with animals evenly distributed | 种群密度估计值与精度估计 Population density estimates with confidence intervals |
样点法 Point count distance sampling | 系统抽样,更适合复杂和斑块化地形 A systematic sampling method for complicated and patched landscape | 需满足特定假设和随机性、重复性原则 Key assumptions need to be fulfilled, as well as principles of randomization and replication | 种群密度估计值与精度估计 Population density estimates with confidence intervals |
叫声回放样线法 Line transect distance sampling with playback | 适用于较难观察但叫声频繁的灵长类动物 For elusive primates that are difficult to observe but contact with calls frequently | 灵长类叫声频繁,对回放有反应,亦需满足样线法假设 Assumptions for distance sampling need to be fulfilled; primates frequently call and should react to playback used | 种群密度估计值与精度估计 Population density estimates with confidence intervals |
红外相机调查法 Infra-red camera trap survey | 调查人员无需在场,可探测隐蔽物种和夜间工作,有利于新种的发现;红外相机数据平台相继建立有利于不同地区同一物种的相对多度指数的比较研究 Capable of working 24 hours with no researcher present; may detect elusive species and potential new species; RAI could be compared across camera trap data platform | 调查对象活动范围易于被相机拍摄到 Animal’s activity should be detected by camera traps (relatively close to the ground) | 基于探测频次计算得到的相对多度指数 Relative abundance index (RAI) calculated based on detection frequencies |
遗传调查法 Genetic methods of surveying | 无损伤采样,构建遗传结构、获取性别比例,结合标志—重捕模型估计种群数量 A non-invasive sampling method; capable of constructing genetic structure of populations, calculating sex ratio, and estimating population size with mark-recapture models | 适用面较广,可获得遗传结构等种群信息 Could be applied with other methods in various conditions | 种群数量估计、置信区间;遗传多样性,性别比例,最小种群数量等 Estimates of population size with confidence intervals; genetic diversity, sex ratio, minimum population size, etc. |
无人机调查法 Survey by unmanned aerial vehicle | 快速获得开阔地带或山顶、树冠等地面难以观察的区域的动物数量和活动位置,以及夜宿洞使用情况和山顶地形等 A method capable of rapidly acquiring the number and position of animal groups in open landscape or on mountain summits or crown canopy. In addition, it facilitates the survey of overnight-staying sites/caves and the topology of mountain summits | 适合无人机飞行的开阔地带、山顶、山腰、树冠上空;结合热成像技术可探测林下的动物 Can be applied in open landscapes, above mountain summits, hillsides, or crown canopy. When applied with thermal imaging, capable of detecting animals in forest understory | 群体或个体的准确位置和数量 Accurate number and position of animal groups and individuals |
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