Abstract: The study of personality has deepened people’s understanding of individual differences and social organization patterns among group-living animals, making it a hot topic for primatologists and providing new avenues for studying the intersection of social psychology and behavioral ecology. This paper briefly summarizes the definitions, assessment methods, and advances in current primate personality research. Notably, this paper discusses the mechanism of personality formation in terms of hormonal changes, loci-specific differences, and environmental conditions, as well as the function of personality in individual health and cognition, to enhance primate welfare and management. Further exploration of behavioral ecology theoretical questions related to the personalities of primate species is needed. Researchers also need to further explore the personalities and behavioral patterns of individuals in the wild, suggesting in-depth studies on sexual selection, community structure, and spatial dynamics to effectively propose new concepts for endangered species conservation.

Key words: Non-human primates, Personality, Behavior style, Cognition, Animal welfare

摘要： 个性的研究能够加深对群居动物个体间差异和群体的社会组织模式的了解，这使其成为非人灵长类学者关注的一个热点话题，并为社会心理学和行为生态学交叉融合发展提供新的方法与思路。本文简要总结了目前灵长类个性的分类定义、评定方法与研究内容，并详细介绍了研究进展中的突出成果：从激素变化、特定基因位点差异和环境条件3个角度解释个性形成机制；将个性在个体健康和认知中的功能应用到灵长类的饲养管理中，有效提升动物福利。为了更好地回答行为生态学理论问题，今后需进一步拓展对野生环境中非人灵长类个体的个性以及行为模式的探索，建议从性选择、社群结构以及空间动态深入研究，切实为濒危物种保护提出新的思路。

关键词: 非人灵长类, 个性, 行为模式, 认知, 动物福利