Abstract: The distribution of the modern Equus przewalskii is confined to northern Xinjiang of China and the Kobdo Basin of Mongolia. It is on the brink of extinction. According to the analysis of its ecological environment, modern E. przewalskii is highly adapted to a dry and cold climate prevalent in winter monsoon's current regions. During the summer monsoon's powerful stage in 10-0 ka B. P., no E. przewalskii ever appeared in central and eastern China. On the other hand, during the winter monsoon's powerful stage in 20-10 ka B. P., E. przewalskii spreadwidely in central and eastern China. These f acts indicate that the historical distribution of E. przewalskii is closely related to the temporal and spatial variation of the East-Asian monsoon system.

Key words: Equus przewalskii, Geographical distribution, Geological history, Climate, East-Asian monsoon

摘要： 普氏野马目前已无野生的种群。对现代普氏野马生态特征的分析显示它是一种严格适应干燥寒冷气候并分布于冬季风盛行区的荒漠动物。根据地质历史记录, 夏季风盛行期中国中、东部没有普氏野马分布, 而冬季风盛行期普氏野马却广泛存在于中国中、东部的动物群中。事实证明普氏野马的分布与东亚季风密切相关, 它在东西方向上的迁徙明显受控于东亚季风的时空变迁。

关键词: 普氏野马, 地理分布, 地质历史, 气候, 东亚季风