Abstract: In early Pleistocene, sika deer was only found in north China region and Taiwan; in middle pleistocene to holocence it extended to northeast region the east of Mongolia-Xinkian region the central China region the south China region, the east of southwest region and Qinghai-Tibet region. There is only one species ( Cervus nippon) in the east Asia from early pleistocene to holocene. It is devided into nine subspecies in China (C. n. sintikuensis, C. n. taicxuanus, C. n.grayi,C. n .hortulorum,C. n .mandarinu, C. n. grassianus,C. n. sinchuanrinus, C. n . kopschi C. n . pseudxis). Sika deer whose home is on the edge of the forest has better adaptabililty. Its distribution regions are abruptly shrinking with the continuous rising of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and man’s action after ice age. Now, there are only 1500 wild sika deers in China. It is discussed evolutionary history of sika deer yet.

Key words: Sika deer( Cervus nippon), Geological distribution, Species and subspecies, Evolution, Present condifions, China

摘要： 对中国梅花鹿地史分布、种和亚种的划分及其演化历史作了系统的研讨。认为从早更新世至现代，东亚季风区的梅花鹿应是一个多向度种，中国的梅花鹿可划分为9个亚种。指出梅花鹿可能在上新世晚期发源于我国的华北地区，更新世期间曾广泛分布于东北、华北、华中、华南、西南和青藏区的东部，全新世后其分布区急剧地缩减与更新世至全新世青藏高原的强烈抬升有关，但更主要的是受冰期后人类活动的影响。同时揭示了梅花鹿的演化谱系和我国野生梅花鹿的现状。

关键词: 梅花鹿, 地史分布, 种和亚种, 演化, 现状, 中国