Abstract: Dominance in some animals has been reported , especially in non-human primates. Dominance in non-human primates and its relationships with others factors were discussed in this review. The conclusion of this paper revealed that dominance is determined by individual factors such as age , sex , proximity , maternal rank and tenure , but also is displayed by some social interactions including allogroom , aggression , mount and so on. Dominance is various in different species , so it is necessary to adopt different index to evaluate dominance in different animals. In general , dominance benefited to the whole groups and individuals to some extent.

Key words: Primate, Dominance hierarchy, Rank, Proximity, Mount

摘要： 等级结构在群居生活种类中普遍存在, 在非人灵长类尤为突出。该文主要对近年来有关灵长类等级现象的研究结果进行分析综述, 认为等级现象与个体的年龄、性别、母亲的顺位以及呆在群内时间长短等自身因素相关, 也反映在个体之间的攻击、理毛、爬跨和近距等社会交往行为中。等级结构在不同动物中又不尽相同, 故研究中需要对具体物种做具体分析。等级现象的存在, 不仅有利于动物群体的生存, 而且对动物个体也是有利的。

关键词: 灵长类, 等级结构, 顺位, 近距, 爬跨