Abstract: 14 roe deer(Capreolus capreolus) were shot in Xiaodong Forest Region of Tonghe County, Heilongjang Province during winter seasonof 1999. Morphological and structural features of digestive tracts were measured by anatomical methods, and food particles distribution in the digestive tracts were analyzed by a wet-sieving procedure. Therumen tissue weight accounted for 71.3士2.6% of total stomach, followed by abomasum (11.5 士2.2% ), omasum (9.7士 2.3% ) and reticulum (7.6士 0.9% ). The mostnumerous, best developed and largest papillae were found in the cranioventral floor of the atrium of the rumrn, and the papillary surface enlargement factor was significantly higher than other sampling sites (P< 0.05), the cranioventral floor of the atrium of the rumen is the one of most important digestive and absorptive sites. The reticulo-omasal orifice had an important role in controlling the food particles passing on to the lower digestive tract. The large-sized particles were reduced in size by rumination and microbial fermentation in the reticulo-rumen, the smaller particles produced eventually passed through the ceticulo-omasal orifice. The proportion of large-sized particles(>1.00 mm) was highest in reticulo-rumen (35.06士10.76%), which declined quickly in the lower digestive tract. The small-sized particles(<1.00 mm) increased significantly in omasum, abomasum and other lower digestive tract. 1.00 mm is the critical particle size for roe deer during winter. Roe deer is adapted to poor quality food nutrients during the winter season and the morphology of its digestive tract is geared to an adaptive strategy that increases capacity of food particles in reticulorumen and narrowed reticulo-omasal orifice to increase the retention time of fibrous digesta particles in the reticulorumen with a greater time for fermentation and comminution to better satisfy the seasonal energy requirement.

Key words: Digestive tract, Food particles distribution, Morphology, Nutrition adaption, Roe deer(Capreolus capreolus), Winter

摘要： 1999年1月在黑龙江省通河县小东林场猎杀14只狍，应用解剖学方法和湿筛法分别对狍冬季消化道形态特征及消化道内食物颗粒分布进行了研究。结果表明，狍复胃中瘤胃比例最大，占71.3±2.6%，其次为皱胃(11.5士2.2%),瓣胃(9.7士2.3%),网胃(7.6士0.9%0);瘤胃粘膜中，瘤胃前庭区(ACF)是最重要的消化和吸收部位之一，具有最大的乳突密度、乳突长度和粘膜赓面扩张系数，显著高于其它区域(P< 0.05 )，后背盲囊区(DBF)次之;网瓣口在狍食物颗粒流通中起到了重要的调节作用，消化道食物颗粒分布中，大颗粒食物(>1.00mm)在瘤网胃中的比例为35.06±10.76%，显著高于其在瓣胃、皱胃及其它消化道内的比例(P<0.05)，而小于1.00 mm的食物颗粒在瓣胃以下消化道中有明显的增加(P<0.05), 1.00mm为冬季通过狍网瓣口的临界食物颗粒大小。狍为适应冬季食物营养质量下降，通过增加瘤网胃容量、缩小网瓣口来改变消化道形态而增加食物颗粒在瘤网胃内的滞留时间，使富含纤维素的食物充分发酵和分解以获得更多的能量，从而产生营养适应性的季节变化。

关键词: 狍, 消化道, 形态, 食物颗粒分布, 冬季, 营养适应