Abstract: The structure of oral microbiome is vital to health maintenance, so the study of oral microbial diversity is helpful to understand the ecology adaptive characteristics of animals. In this study, 19 oral samples were collected noninvasively from Yulingkeng YA1 Tibetan macaque group in Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province, and DNA was extreact by a modifed high-salt DNA extraction method. Using Illumina Miseq sequence platform, two-terminal sequenceing of V3- V4 regions of 16S rDNA was carried and the diversity of community structure was analysis. There are 206 533 reads, 4 685 different OTUs, representing 310 genus from 20 bacterial phyla. Result show that: the phyla Proteobacteria (44.58% of the total), Firmicutes (30.28%), Bacteroidetes (12.27%), Fusobacteria (7.72%) and Actinobacteria (3.70%) were predominated. Twenty-four genus were present in all samples, which means that a stable core microbiome existing in Tibetan Macaques. Besides there is a large number of microbiome associated with oral disease and a variety of potential pathogens with low abundance in Tibetan Macaques. The study provides certain reference for further study of oral microbial community structure and its adaptive mechanism in Tibetan Macaques. Further, more attention should be paid to the spread of zoonosis in the conservation and management of wildlife.

Key words: Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana), Oral microbiome, Diversity, Pathogenic

摘要： 口腔微生物群落结构是维持机体健康的重要因素，了解动物口腔微生物多样性有助于认识和理解动物的生态学适应。本研究以栖息于安徽黄山的短尾猴为研究对象，采用非损伤性取样法收集了鱼鳞坑YA1群体中19个短尾猴口腔样本，采用改进高盐提取法提取微生物DNA，利用Illumina Miseq测序平台对微生物16S rDNA V3—V4区扩增产物进行双端测序，分析微生物群落结构多样性。研究共获得206 533条优质序列，发现4 685个OTU，归属20个门、310个属。结果表明：短尾猴口腔微生物物种丰富，以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,占总条带44.58%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes, 30.28%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 12.27%)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria, 7.72%) 和放线菌门(Actinobacteria，3.70%)为主；24个微生物属在所有样本中均有分布，为其核心微生物属；短尾猴口腔中存在大量与口腔疾病相关的微生物和多种低丰富度的潜在病原菌。本研究为进一步研究短尾猴口腔微生物群落结构形成与适应性提供了基础资料，也提示在保护和管理野生猴群中需要应对人畜共患病传播的潜在风险。

关键词: 短尾猴, 口腔微生物, 多样性, 病原菌