Preliminary exploration of the spatial ecological relationships of Carnivorous species in Renhuai, Guizhou

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150911

Abstract

Abstract:

Renhuai City is one of the top ten economic counties in western China, with severe human disturbance and a high degree of urbanization. To understand the interspecific ecological spatial relationships of carnivorous species in this area and clarify their survival and distribution within the region, we conducted a series of field surveys and monitoring with infrared cameras in the whole area of Renhuai City from October 2022 to November 2023. We analyzed the spatial ecological relationships of seven medium and small-sized carnivorous species using species distribution modeling and assessed their interspecific ecological niche overlap using ENMTools. The results show that the distribution patterns of suitable habitats for the seven carnivorous species in the study area are similar and distributed mainly in the southern and eastern parts of Renhuai City. However, the sizes of suitable habitats differed among the species, with Arctonyx collaris occupying the largest suitable habitat area (1 288.023 km²) and Meles leucurus occupying the smallest area (615.867 km²). We detected significant differences in the selection and response to different environmental factors among the seven species. Temperature annual range is the dominant factor driving the distributions of Prionailurus bengalensis, Meles leucurus, Paguma larvata, and Viverricula indica. The distributions of Mustela kathiah and Arctonyx collaris are mainly affected by the normalized difference vegetation index, while the most important factor affecting the distribution of the Melogale moschata is precipitation seasonality. The environmental ecological niches and geographical distributions of the seven carnivorous species overlapped highly in the study area. This study reveals the distribution characteristics of suitable habitats for seven carnivorous species and their spatial relationships in Renhuai City, and provides scientific support for regional biodiversity conservation and management.

Key words: Carnivora species, MaxEnt model, Habitat prediction, Urbanization, Renhuai

摘要：

贵州省仁怀市是中国西部经济十强县之一，人为干扰严重，城镇化程度较高，为了解这一特殊区域食肉目动物的种间生态空间关系，进而阐明其生存与分布状况。本研究于2022年10月至2023年11月对仁怀市内区域开展连续红外相机监测和野外调查，采用MaxEnt模型预测和评估区域内中小型食肉目动物适宜栖息地分布特征，并结合模型结果使用ENMTools分析物种种间生态位重叠现状。结果表明：(1) 研究区域内食肉目动物的适宜栖息地分布格局相似，主要分布在仁怀市南部和东部，但各个物种间适宜栖息地面积大小存在差异，其中猪獾 (Arctonyx collaris) 的适宜栖息地面积最大 (1 288.023 km²)；亚洲狗獾 (Meles leucurus) 的适宜栖息地面积最小 (615.867 km²)。(2) 研究区7种食肉目物种对不同环境因子的选择和响应存在明显的差异：全年气温范围对豹猫 (Prionailurus bengalensis)、亚洲狗獾、花面狸 (Paguma larvata) 和小灵猫 (Viverricula indica) 等4种食肉目物种的分布影响最为明显；黄腹鼬 (Mustela kathiah) 和猪獾的分布则更多受到归一化植被指数 (NDVI) 的影响；降水季节性是影响鼬獾 (Melogale moschata) 分布最主要的环境因子。(3) 研究区7种食肉目物种间的空间生态位重叠度和地理分布重叠度均较高。本研究初步探明了仁怀市食肉目动物的适宜栖息地分布特征及其在城镇环境下的空间关系，可为区域生物多样性保护和管理提供科学支持。

关键词: 食肉目物种, MaxEnt模型, 栖息地预测, 城镇化, 仁怀

CLC Number:

Q958.1

Weixi WANG, Yi LIU, Dan XIANG, Jichi HUANG, Li YUE, Hao CHEN, Shize LI, Mingming ZHANG. Preliminary exploration of the spatial ecological relationships of Carnivorous species in Renhuai, Guizhou[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(3): 312-323.

王维熙, 刘义, 向丹, 黄继池, 岳立, 陈浩, 李仕泽, 张明明. 贵州仁怀食肉目动物的空间生态关系初探[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(3): 312-323.

Figures/Tables 9

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类型 Type	因子 Factor	代码Code	属性 Property
气候 Climate	平均气温日较差 Mean diurnal range	Bio2	连续变量 Continuous variable
	等温性 Isothermality	Bio3	连续变量 Continuous variable
	全年气温范围 Temperature annual range	Bio7	连续变量 Continuous variable
	年降水量 Annual precipitation	Bio12	连续变量 Continuous variable
	降水季节性 Precipitation seasonality	Bio15	连续变量 Continuous variable
	最冷季节降水量 Precipitation of coldest quarter	Bio19	连续变量 Continuous variable
地形 Terrain	海拔 Elevation	Elevation	连续变量 Continuous variable
	坡度 Slope	Slope	连续变量 Continuous variable
	坡向 Aspect	Aspect	连续变量 Continuous variable
植被 Vegetation	归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	NDVI	连续变量 Continuous variable
人为干扰 Electronic jamming	人类影响指数 Human influence index	HII	连续变量 Continuous variable
人为干扰 Electronic jamming	夜间灯光指数 Introduction for harmonized nighttime light dataset	IHNL	连续变量 Continuous variable
土地利用类型 Land use type	耕地 Cropland	a	分类变量 Classified variable
	林地 Forest	b	分类变量 Classified variable
	草地 Grassland	c	分类变量 Classified variable
	灌丛 Shrubland	d	分类变量 Classified variable
	湿地 Wetland	e	分类变量 Classified variable
	水体 Water	f	分类变量 Classified variable
	建筑用地 Building land	g	分类变量 Classified variable
	裸露地 Bareland	h	分类变量 Classified variable
	未利用地 Unused land	i	分类变量 Classified variable

类型 Type	因子 Factor	代码Code	属性 Property
气候 Climate	平均气温日较差 Mean diurnal range	Bio2	连续变量 Continuous variable
	等温性 Isothermality	Bio3	连续变量 Continuous variable
	全年气温范围 Temperature annual range	Bio7	连续变量 Continuous variable
	年降水量 Annual precipitation	Bio12	连续变量 Continuous variable
	降水季节性 Precipitation seasonality	Bio15	连续变量 Continuous variable
	最冷季节降水量 Precipitation of coldest quarter	Bio19	连续变量 Continuous variable
地形 Terrain	海拔 Elevation	Elevation	连续变量 Continuous variable
	坡度 Slope	Slope	连续变量 Continuous variable
	坡向 Aspect	Aspect	连续变量 Continuous variable
植被 Vegetation	归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index	NDVI	连续变量 Continuous variable
人为干扰 Electronic jamming	人类影响指数 Human influence index	HII	连续变量 Continuous variable
人为干扰 Electronic jamming	夜间灯光指数 Introduction for harmonized nighttime light dataset	IHNL	连续变量 Continuous variable
土地利用类型 Land use type	耕地 Cropland	a	分类变量 Classified variable
	林地 Forest	b	分类变量 Classified variable
	草地 Grassland	c	分类变量 Classified variable
	灌丛 Shrubland	d	分类变量 Classified variable
	湿地 Wetland	e	分类变量 Classified variable
	水体 Water	f	分类变量 Classified variable
	建筑用地 Building land	g	分类变量 Classified variable
	裸露地 Bareland	h	分类变量 Classified variable
	未利用地 Unused land	i	分类变量 Classified variable

物种Species	非适宜栖息地 Non-suitable habitat	低适宜栖息地 Low-suitable habitat	中适宜栖息地 Mid-suitable habitat	高适宜栖息地 High-suitable habitat
豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	758.784	789.360	215.613	24.242
亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus	1 172.133	354.416	249.014	12.437
花面狸 Paguma larvata	832.071	512.522	430.653	12.754
黄腹鼬 Mustela kathiah	967.555	369.801	449.818	0.826
小灵猫 Viverricula indica	909.090	520.811	342.766	15.333
鼬獾 Melogale moschata	606.579	788.602	379.273	13.546
猪獾 Arctonyx collaris	499.978	837.379	449.818	0.826

物种Species	非适宜栖息地 Non-suitable habitat	低适宜栖息地 Low-suitable habitat	中适宜栖息地 Mid-suitable habitat	高适宜栖息地 High-suitable habitat
豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	758.784	789.360	215.613	24.242
亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus	1 172.133	354.416	249.014	12.437
花面狸 Paguma larvata	832.071	512.522	430.653	12.754
黄腹鼬 Mustela kathiah	967.555	369.801	449.818	0.826
小灵猫 Viverricula indica	909.090	520.811	342.766	15.333
鼬獾 Melogale moschata	606.579	788.602	379.273	13.546
猪獾 Arctonyx collaris	499.978	837.379	449.818	0.826

环境因子 Variables	环境因子对物种分布模型的置换重要性 The permutation importance of environmental variables for species distribution models/%
环境因子 Variables	豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus	花面狸 Paguma larvata	黄腹鼬 Mustela kathiah	小灵猫 Viverricula indica	鼬獾 Melogale moschata	猪獾 Arctonyx collaris
平均气温日较差 Mean diurnal range	0	3.3	10.7	7.4	10.4	0.2	0
等温性 Isothermality	3.0	1.0	2.3	0	0.2	0	3.5
全年气温范围 Temperature annual range	32.3	26.7	30.6	5.6	36.6	12.3	0.4
年降水量 Annual precipitation	0	5.4	0.8	7.9	5.3	2.1	0.3
降水季节性 Precipitation seasonality	10.9	0	9.9	0	0.2	23.1	0
最冷季节降水量Precipitation of coldest quarter	2.0	1.4	3.3	0	16.2	4.2	5.0
海拔 Elevation	12.2	10.8	3.3	0	0	1.1	0
坡度 Slope	2.9	9.3	3.9	2.5	4.9	9.9	18.7
坡向 Aspect	4.4	3.4	0.9	0.4	0	2.0	1.8
归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI）	1.0	4.9	3.8	28.1	8.9	19.5	35.6
人类影响指数 Human influence index （HII）	5.8	1.2	17.8	6.0	12.5	21.0	5.1
夜间灯光指数 Introduction for harmonized nighttime light dataset （IHNL）	12.7	24.3	7.6	24.6	3.3	3.8	22.2
土地利用类型 Land use type	12.9	8.3	5.1	7.5	1.6	0.9	7.4