Habitat suitability and activity patterns of Chinese red panda in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, China

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.151083

Abstract

Abstract: Studying habitat suitability and activity rhythms of wildlife holds critical significance for species conservation and ecosystem management. From 2013 to 2024, we systematically investigated the Chinese red panda (Ailurus styani) in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve using infrared camera traps, analyzing habitat suitability through MaxEnt modeling, and temporal activity patterns via kernel density estimation. Our analysis revealed that the Chinese red panda’s potential habitat spans 869. 68 km² (21. 26% of the reserve’s 4 091 km²), with the central-southern area as the core suitable zone. Habitat selection was predominantly driven by topographic factors (elevation: 27. 6%, distance to water: 26. 9%), and climatic factors (isothermality: 15. 6%, temperature seasonality: 16. 1%), with anthropogenic factors exhibiting minimal influence (distance to road: 7. 4%, distance to settlement: 0. 2%). We also found that Chinese red pandas displayed predominantly diurnal activity (β=0. 855 3), peaking around midday (10: 00-11: 00 and 13: 00-14: 00). Significant seasonal variation in activity patterns emerged (Δ₄=0. 79, P=0. 016 3), with increased nocturnality during cold seasons. We recommend prioritizing monitoring efforts in the central-southern core habitat area. This research elucidates the Chinese red panda’s potential habitat distribution and activity rhythms in the reserve, offering vital insights for its conservation.

Key words: Habitat assessment, Activity rhythm, MaxEnt model, Kernel density estimation, Infrared camera, Mountains of Southwest China

摘要： 研究野生动物的栖息地适宜性及活动节律对物种及生态系统的保护具有重要意义。2013—2024年，利用红外相机技术收集贡嘎山国家级自然保护区中华小熊猫（Ailurus styani）的活动信息，并基于MaxEnt模型和核密度估计分析其栖息地适宜性和活动节律。结果表明：（1）中华小熊猫潜在栖息地面积为869.68 km²，占保护区总面积的21.26%，保护区中南部为该物种适宜栖息地的核心分布区；（2）中华小熊猫的栖息地分布主要受地形因子（海拔：27.6%，距水源距离：26.9%）和气候因子（等温性：15.6%，气温季节性变动率：16.1%）的影响，人为干扰因子（距道路距离：7.4%，距居民点距离：0.2%）的影响较弱；（3）贡嘎山国家级自然保护区的中华小熊猫为昼行性（β=0.855 3），活动高峰出现在正午前后（10:00—11:00和13:00—14:00）；（4）中华小熊猫的活动节律在冷暖季差异显著（Δ₄=0.79，P=0.016 3），冷季存在更多的夜间活动。本研究揭示了贡嘎山国家级自然保护区中华小熊猫潜在栖息地分布与活动节律特征，为该物种的科学保护提供了重要依据。

关键词: 栖息地评价, 活动节律, MaxEnt模型, 核密度估计, 红外相机, 西南山地

CLC Number:

Q958.1

QIAN Zongliang, CHEN Xing, JIN Yuyi, JIANG Xinrui, JIANG Yong, YANG Zhisong, YANG Biao. Habitat suitability and activity patterns of Chinese red panda in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, China[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(4): 496-506.

钱宗亮, 陈星, 晋雨漪, 蒋欣芮, 蒋勇, 杨志松, 杨彪. 贡嘎山国家级自然保护区中华小熊猫的栖息地适宜性与活动节律[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(4): 496-506.

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URL: https://www.mammal.cn/EN/10.16829/j.slxb.151083

https://www.mammal.cn/EN/Y2026/V46/I4/496

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