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07 July 2008, Volume 16 Issue 1

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MIGRATI0N OF MALE TIBETAN M0NKEYS (MACACA THIBETHNA)AT MT． HUANGSHAN ANHUI PR0VINCE ，CHINA

LI Jinhua ，WANG Qishan ， li ming

1996, 16(1):  1-6. 

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A study on migration of male Tibetan monkeys at Mt.huangshan (118°10′E，30°29′ N )Anhui Province, China，was dealt with from 1986 to l992．Though there are several troops of Tibetan monkeys in this area，the males are observed only tile migration among troops．The migration or males is discovered before and after mating season beginning (Table 1)and seems to be irrelevant to the ranks of them in the original troop before emigration (Table 2)．T here are no signiticant dlfferences in aggression，affinity and sexual behavior between emigrating and nonemigrating males(Fig.1,A)．However，after a male transferred into a new troop，he received more affinitive and sexual behaviors from females in new troop than the natal males did (Fig．1，B～C). It appears to mean that the proximate cause of emigration of male Tibetan macaques may result from the sexual attraction to extratroop females.

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A STUDY OF THE VOCALIZATIONS FOR WILD RHESUS MONKEY (MACACA MUlATTA)

FENG Min， JIANG Haisheng， WANG Jun

1996, 16(1):  7-13. 

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Among four rhesus monkey populations, comparing in ascream indicates that there is no significant difference in the subsequent behaviors of screamer. In spectrum characters of the scream , there are no significant differences, among individuals and among the free geographic populations of Hunan’s Suoxiyu, Guangxi’s Longhushan and Hainan’s Nanwan. But, between the above three populations and Shenzhen’s Neilingding population, the difference in the scream’s spectrum characters is significant. The result from discriminant analysis, reveals that the fundamental frequency (F1) of screams is important to interpopulation discriminating. 　　For the different populations, the tendency to increased audible range and signal specialization in rhesus’s scream , is related to the lighter rainfall of habitat and larger groupsize. In fact, it is essential, that the tendencies relating to rainfall and group size in rhesus’s scream are the adaptations to mainland, island and tropic area.

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THE P0PULATI0N STRUCTURE OF G0ITRED GAZELLE IN XINJIANG

GA0 Xinyi, XU Kefen, YA0 Jun, JIA Zexin

1996, 16(1):  14-18. 

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We conducted a survey on l9 sample route of 818 km long，them eanvertical distance from the watching spot to animals was 248.3 m ，the total area of the sample route was 405.8 km²,and observed 62 groups Gazelle containing 221 individuals in the distribution (north to Tianshan M t．)of Gazella subgutturosa saireasis of north Xinjiang from August to September in 1992 and September in 1998 .The meandensity of the sample route was 0.7l±0.17 Individuals／km²，the maximun density was l.85 Individuals／km² and 0.14 Individuals／km² .Tlie region of high density was proved to lie in the southern edge of hungaer basin．For the statistics on 16 sample route of 37 groups which Can be classified to different age and sex,113 Individuals were observed,among them there were 39 females,4l males and 33 juveililes .Group size ranged from I(male group)to 12 (mixed group)Individuals；the mother—groups were 16 with the mean 3.1 Individuals/group; male groups were 12 with the mean 2 Individuals／group; female groups were 3 with the mean 2.3 Individuals／group; mixed groups were 6 with the mean 5.3 Individuals／group．Thesex ratio of female to male was 1:1.05, adult to fawn was 2.4:1.According to the statistics of 8 sample route of l6 mother-fawn groups，there were 21 females and 29 juveniles，and the ratio of female to juvenile was1:1.4. In the survey of 8 saple route of 230 km long，the mean vertical distance was 299m ,the area was 116 km ,in the distribution (south to Tianshan Mt) of G.s.yarkantensis of south Xinjiang in Febuary and October 1993, we observed 17groups Gazelles containing 51 individuals．The population density ranged from 0.1 Individuals／km² to 1.67 Individuals／km² with the mean density of 0.57±0.26 Individuals/km² ．The sample route of high density lied in the northern the of Talimu Basin.

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THE GROWTH AND BREEDING HABIT OF MILU(ElAPHURU DAVIDIANUS)IN DAFENG RESERVE

YU Changqing， LIANG Chongqi，LU Jun

1996, 16(1):  19-24. 

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In semi-natural condition of Dafeng Reserve，the difference of weight of neonatal males and females was 2.24 times that in eaptivity．The hind foot length of 4 years old was significantly more than that of introduced deer (> 5 years old)．Females conceived in the third year in which the body weight was about 89 of an adult,and m ales began
to have the opportunity to copulate in the fifth year .The rutting seas on concentrated in the first half of JuneI and the gestation length was 287 days．71.2% of the births oecurred betw een M arch 16 and A pril 4 with the m edian birth date on M arch 27．The resuits discussed the biologied characteristics of wild Milu and the genetic diversity conservation．

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A NEW SUBSPEClES OF THE INDIAN MUNTJAC（MUNTIACUS MUNTJAK)IN GUANGDONG，CHINA

LI Jianxiong, XU Longhui

1996, 16(1):  25-29. 

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This paper deals with the taxonomy of the Indian muntjac(Muntiacus muntjak)in Guangdong, China. Before，The Indian muntjac in Guangdong had not been made a comprehensively systematic study,was only reported in a few papers on taxonomy and fauna.and incorporated into the Hima!ayan subspecies(Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis)(Alien，l940 Zhou Yuheng et al，1962).After examing 34 specimens of Muntiacus muntjak from over the great part of the area of Guangdong and 104 specimens from its adjacent regions，we think that the population of Muntiacus muntjak in Guangdong can not be included in M .m．vaginalis .We treat it as a new subspecies. The new subspecies is given as below: Muntiacus muntjak guangdongensis, subsp.nov. Holotype:No.SCIEA-DING 6, female(adult), collected on April 5, 1961, from Dinghushan Reserve, Gaoyiao County ,Guangdong province.Alt.850m. Paratype:No.SCIEA-DING 35, male(adult), collected on November 24, 1961, from the same locality as holotype. Specimens examined:23 males and 11 females, Gaoyiao Co.:16(11 males); Longmeng Co .:5(4 males, 1 female); Yingde Co.:4(3 males, 1 female), Huidong Co.:4(2 males, 2 females); Ruyuan Co.:2(1 male, 1 female); Lianping Co.:2(1 male, 1 female); Xuwen Co.:1 male. Holotype and paratype is kept in the Museum of Vertebrate , SouthChina Institute of Endangered Animals.Diagnosis :This subspecies is of medium size, weighing 21.5(18.3-26.0)kg, the length of head and body being 975.9(900-1087)mm, The skill is of medium size, greatest length of skill being 195.3(191-205)mm, Interorbital width is widest in muntiacus muntjak; Incolor, M.m. guangdongensis, a pale brown-yellow pelage, is paler than specimens of M.m .menglalis and M. m ,yunnanensis, but slightly deeper than M. m.nigripes.

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MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS ON THE ELECTR0CARDIOGRAMS OF LION—CUBS

ZHANG Kaixun, YANG Xuewei, ZENG Weidong, CHENG Tianjia

1996, 16(1):  30-34. 

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The electrocardiograms of 4 lion—cubs of full sib，which were not anaesthetized and remained conscious and quiet，were studied． Leading methods used included standard limb lead (Ⅰ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ )and the augmented leads (aVR ，aVL，aVF)．The results are as follows!The mean heart rate of the lion—cubs was 159±1／min，and a sinus rhythm was shown in aii lion cubs．The mean cardiac electrical aXiS of QRS waves was 68±18° .The average duration of P，QRS and T wave was 0.055 ±0.004 s，0.67±0.006 S,Ad 0.69±0.12 S respectively．The mean interval of R-R ，P-R ，S-T and Q-T was 0.378±0.002 s，0.082±0.006 S，0.078±0.005 S and 0.225±0.017 S respectively. P wave in leads I ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ and aVF is of positiveform and thatin aVR and aV L ，of negarive form.QRS complex showed a regularity to a certain degree，presented mainly R type in leads I ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ ，aVF，and mainly Q or S type in leads aVR ，aVL. There seelned no shiR of the S-T segm ent． The T wave form exhibited no regularity itl lead aV L，however，mainly took the positive form in leadsⅠ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ and aV F,and illainiy negative form in lead aVR.


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ACTIVITY RHYTHM AND HOME RANGE OF ALPINE WEASEL

WEI Wanhong, ZHOU Wenyang, FAN Naichang

1996, 16(1):  35-42. 

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The activity rhythms and home ranges of alpine weasels were studied by telemetric tecbnlqus in 1990 at YUER mountain near Ha bei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem．The main aetlvides of alpine weasels were as follows:play,self groom,sunbath,explore,feed ,and care of young during the breeding period．In June。the young did not come out of the dens，the daily activitypeaks of adultfemales were 11:00~ 13:00 hrs and 16:00～ 17:00 hrs，of adult males were 11.7 ha。In July。the young moved on the ground。the activity peaks of adult females were 8:00～ 9:00 brs and 17:00～19:00 bts，the home range size of adult．femaleswas 82.72ha. The activity peaks of adult females changed into 8:00～9:00hrs and 15:00~ 20:00 hrs in August when the young dispersed．The factors mfluencing their activity and home range size were food abundance,prey activity, breeding behaviour and population density.

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A PRELIM INARY STUDY ON THE SCENT GLAND DEVELOPMENT AND THE COLLECTIONOF SCENT SECRET IN LIVING MUSK RATS

ClIEN Yushan，T0NG Yiten，GA0 Xiuhua，WEI Haijun，LI Zhongkuan， WANG Chenling

1996, 16(1):  43-47. 

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The scent glandmorphological developments of musk rat(0ndatra zibethica)were determined in different seasons and divided into four stages of development :non—scent secreting stage, scent gland development stage peak level stage of scent—secreting and constant scent—secreting srage The scent was collected from i92 musk rats based on the morphorphogfcal sturctures and histological character tics of the muskrat scent gland at differe1t scelt-secreting Stages. Wich five times of counting scelt from one muskrat per year the total output of scent collected come to 2.65±0.32 g．Intramuscular injection of 5 mg／kg of testosterone propionate could induce the scent gland development and scent-secretingon muskrat during no-scent secreting period，and the level of scent secreting reach the same peak as that at the stage of scent—secreting.Feeding experiments proved that there was no effect of scent-collecting artificially on the reproductivity of the mating female muskrat.

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FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF OCHOTONA CURZONIAIA AND OCHTDNA DAURICA AND THEIR ADAPTATI0N T0 HABITAT

FAN Naichang，ZHANG daochuan

1996, 16(1):  48-53. 

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Studies of foraging behavior for 0.curzoniae, 0.daurica and of their behavioral adaptation to their habitats were carried out by direct observation of marked pikas of free living individuals at Niannuosoma area of Oangcha county，Qinghai province．Both plkas exhibit the same time rank of behavioral patterns of foraging behavioral Chain
:feed> defence> locomotion．Time of spending defence by 0.curzoniaewas more than of 0.daurica ，however time of 0.daurica spending forage was m ore than that of0.curzoniae．
0.curzoniaecut htgh plants in its microhabitat in order to keep the open field of vi—Sion for defence enemy，and 0.dautica made use of the high plants in m icrohabitat for hidden itself when it met with a predator. The resuIts showed that two species of pikas provided behavior flexibility to adapt their habitats，habitat selection of the Pikas were enhanced by predation risk.

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EAXONOMY,DISTRIBUTION AND DIFFERENTATION ON TYPHLOMYS CINEREUS (PLATACANT-HOMYIDAE , MAMMALIA)

1996, 16(1):  54-66. 

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THE STRUCTURE OF RODENT COMMUNITY IN AGRICULTURAL AREA OF LOESS PLATEAU IN THE WEST OF HENAN PROVINCE：FUZZY CLUSTERlNG ANLYSES OF THE C0MMUNITY AND COMPARISON AMONG THREE INDEXES OF SPECIES SIMILARY MEASUREMENT

ZHAO Ya jun ， WANG Tinzheng

1996, 16(1):  67-75. 

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Studies on the rodent community of agricultural area of loess plateau was made in near 6 km² site in Chengcun, Lingbao County from July to October, 1992 and from April to November．1993, Primary results are summarized as follows：
1.The rodent community was composed of 12 species，i.e., cricetulustriton，C. longicaudatus，Microtus mandarinus，Apodemusagrius,A.·peninsulae，MusMusculus,Rallus norvegicus，R.niviventer,Eu,tamia sibiricus ,Sermophilus auricu Sciarotams dianu8，Meriones meridian, M.mand arinus is burrowing, but the rest are not．
2.Based on comparison among 3 kinds of species similary measurement includingindex of proportion similarity (PS), correlation coefficient (r),and cosine of angle (Cos) ，the results of fuzzy clustering analyses with were significantly explained by rodent distribution in patchy habitats using satistical test < 0.025). The rodent community was divided into 2 sub-communities as follows：I. Microtus mandrinus Griceluhustriton：Ⅱ.C.triton+ M.mandarinus.
3．The sub-community I ranged from farm land，orchard to abandoned field，with 10 species of which abundance of M.manda rinus was the highest，71.1% . The sub-community Ⅱmainly were living in more than 3 year old abandoned field in which C.triton was the dominant one among 11 species．The species dversity index of the sub-community Ⅱ was higher than that of the sub-community I.

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE SERUM LDH ISOZYMES IN DEERS

WANG Yunling, LU Baoquan, TAO Bo, XU Dong

1996, 16(1):  76-77. 

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CLUSTER AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF TECHARACTERISTICS AND WEIGIIT OF JILIN SIKA DEER

Li heping， bing guoliang， pan guoqing

1996, 16(1):  78-79. 

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