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20 August 1991, Volume 11 Issue 3

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THE SELECTION FOR THE BEDDING REST PLACES BY THE FAWN OF HAINAN ELD’S DEER (Cervus eldi hainanus)

SONG Yanding，LI Shanyuan

1991, 11(3):  161-164. 

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Total 14 bedding rest places for the fawn of Hainan eld's dear were：found during the birth seasons from October to December in 1986 and 1987．The fawns select bedding rest places by themselves and are not intervened by their mothers．The fawns prefer grass slopes with Imperata cylindrica，Heteropogon contortus under the canopy of the secondary deciduous seasonal raining forests when they select their badding rest places．Twelve out of fourteen bedding rest places were found in this habitat type.which proportion is much higher than those of the available part and other habitat types in the study area．The fawns randomly select the grass slopes with Cleistanthus sp．and I．cylindrica as their bedding rest Places．
The bedding rest places happen in the environment in which the densities of tree and shrubs are of 0.5 -2 individuals per 10 square meters and of 3-6 per square meters respective1y, and grass with yellowish color is over 50 cm high．No any correlatlvity is existed between bedding rest place and water resource．The influcnce of wind direction on the slope aspect of the bedding rest places could not be rejected．

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STUDIES ON THE SOCIAL BEHAVI0R OF Cervus nippon sichuanicus

GUo Yanshu, HU Jinchu, LUO Dahua, SE Ke, REN Shupei

1991, 11(3):  165-170. 

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The social group of Cervus nippon sichuanlcus is divided into matriarchal-family groups， reproduction-groups, aggregation groups male groups and solitary male deer. The matriarchal-family—groups disperse his groups into the nucleus- groups, mother-young—groups and solitary female deer in the birth season ．
The leader of herd is older female deer．The social hierarchic offemale deers is decided by age and physical condition．The mating system belongs to the polygyny of the female defense．
The female deer lives in the hereditary home range all its life．After 2～3 years old，the male deer is going to establish its own home range．The home range areas of the male deers were 2.69-4.85 km ²， those of the matriarchal-family-groups were 1.86-6.85 km^2.

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DISTRIBUTION OF MACAQUES （MACACA）IN CHINA

ZHANG Rongzu, QUAN Guoqiang , ZHAO Tigong , C．H．Southwick

1991, 11(3):  171-185. 

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This paper deals with the distribution of macaqus (Macaca) in China from the viewpoint dynamic zoogeography. Since Early Pleistocene，the range of the macaques have involved Latitudinal shifting，but not perfectly correlated with climatic changes. Based on information available from historial literature．the masques ranged in a more wider area，but have been experiencedlocal extirpation since 14th century，especially in northern China．Current distribution and Population of the macaque species have been descripted and three major patterns concerning the recent Status of occurrence and conservation have been suggested．

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EVALUATION OF FECAL ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINING FOOD HABITS OF HERBIVORES

GAO Zhongxin, CHEN Huapeng, WANG Xiaoping

1991, 11(3):  186-193. 

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The results from the analysis of ten plant mixtures showed that the compositions of mixtures were detexmined accurately and qualitatively and described quantitatively within the ranges of limited errors by microhistologicaI technique．The estimation errors of the results could be reduced by selecting and using the correction factors，the processing techniques and the microscopic examination methods fittingly．There wore no significant influences of the mesh size and the sampling on the results of estimation．

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UTILIZATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS IN CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS

PAN Ruiang, PENG Yanzhang, YE Zhizhang

1991, 11(3):  194-199. 

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This paper demonstrates the basic diselpline，development of principal components analysis (PCA) and it's utilization in classlfication of animals. 6 craniofacial and cranial variables coming from 5 genera of Asia colnbines，including Rhinopithecus，Presbytiscus，Presbytis pyga thrix and Nasatis，were taken as exaples ．The results showed that craniofacial structure is dominant in classification of Asia colobines．The significant craniofacial and cranial morphological differences exist between Presbytis and Nasalis; Rhinopithecus and Nasalis；and between Rhinopithecus and Presbytis ．

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A STUDY OF THE ERYTHROCYTIC IMMUNE REGULATION OF VIVERRA ZIBETHA AND VIVERRICULA INDICA

ZHANG Decheng，CHEN Siyi，WU Runpei，LI Jinchang，CHEN Guoling，HU XInbo

1991, 11(3):  200-203. 

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the number of c₃b receptors and immunocomplexes of enythrocytes in healthy viverricula indica and viverra zibetha were determined by the immune rostting assay.the rosetting ration of erythrocytic c₃b receptors and immunocomplexes of v.indica is 9.21±1.81,5.50±1.36,and that of v.zibetha is 9.28±1.61,5.43±1.33.the results showed the erythrocytes and the leukocytic of (V.indica and V.zibetha) possess the same importance regulation function of immune.

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THE DESIGN FOR THE EC0L0GlCAL MANAGEMENT OF BRANDT'S VOLE PEST AND ITS APPLICATION

ZHONG Wenqin, ZHOU Qingqiang, SUN Chonglu, WANG Guanghe, ZHOU Peiyi, LIU Wenzhi, JIA Yongping

1991, 11(3):  204-212. 

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Brandt 's vole (M icrotus brandti) is the major pest rodent in the pasture of typical steppe in Inner mongolia, china. The investigations were carried out in Gongbaolag Sumu (41°43 ′N，115°09 ′E), Taibus Qi，Inner Mongolia in 1987- 1989．Field plot is aStipa krylovvi+Aneurolepidium chinense+Artemisia frigida pasture．
The authors had investigated the characteristics of babitat preference of Brandt's vole and the formation of its pest and the results had been showed: 1)Brandt's vole prefers the environment with short and spare vegetation，and the height of theherbs is the key factor for its habitat selection. 2) The degenerative vegetation caused by over grazing provides a advantage ecological condition for the formation and spread of the high-den-sity population of Brandt 's vole.The existence and spread of the degenerative vegetation are the main factors of the formation of Brandt's vole pest．
Based on the results mentioned above and on the principle of ecosystem the strategy for managing the vole pest by the main measure of adjusting the ecological economic relationships among the main components (grass,livestock and rodent) in the pasture was suggested．
The measure of raising herbage by fencing the pasture to protect and improve it had been used in the region for several years and the one third of available pasture in
Taibus Qi had been fenced in．However, Brandt's vole pest still existed severely in the fenced pasture．The average density of the vole populadon in September of 1986 was as high as 439.44 individuals／ha ．
The method of ecological engineering to combine raising herbage and controlling rodent pest by means of the optimal management of theenclosure and the rotation of
grazingwas suggested to aim the rodent pest in the enclsures．The essential point of the method was that the beginning (June 5 ordinarily) of non-grazing in the enclosure was shifted with two weeks earlier by the arrangement of rotation grazing so that the effect of raising herbage in the enclosure was intensified and the inhabiting condintion of the Brandt 's vole was worsened．
The applications of the method in 352 ha.of the pasture with rodent pest in 1987-1989 showed that in the condition without poisoning method notonlycan control the Brandt's vole pest but alsocan recover the vegetation in the pasture with rodent pest, so that the ecological and economic benefit was gained and the ratio of input to output was 1:7 in the total of the three years．Even in the year with the increase of thedensity of Brandt's vole population and with the arid climate the ecological efect was still remarkable．For example，in 1987 the grass yield in the managed area was 39.61％ higher than the unmanaged area and the population density of the Brand's vole was 78.16% lower ．
The ecological management method，which was suggested in this paper，showed the role, which can not be substituted by other methods，in multi-level adjustment (prod-ucer-consumer), in the activation of the natural factors to inhibit the vole pest and in the increanent of ecological and economic effect in pasture.

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ON THE P0PULATI0N DYNAMICS 0F STRIPED FIELD M0USE IN RURAL AREA OF NORTHERN HUAIHE RIVER, ANHUI

ZHU Shengkan， QIN Zhiheng

1991, 11(3):  213-219. 

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This paper deals with the population dynamics of striped field mouse，Apodemus agrarius. Its population numbers varied seasonally, and two peaks in the fluctuation curve appear in spring(Mar. to Apr.)and autumn(Oct. )reapoctively．Its annual variation in 8 years(from 1981 to 1988) was "L" in shape in the fluctuation curve.The reproductire period 0f the species in this area lasted 8 months (from Mar．to Oct.)， and two peaks during the reproduction were in spring and autumn respectively. Ccrrelation analysis showed that each of the population numbers in March and June was remarkably correlated to numbecs in October (corre'ation coefficient r value:0.796, 0.897)．

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STUDIES ON TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE LIVER OF OCHOTONA CURZONIAE AND MYOSPALAX BAILEYI

SHAo Yun， SHI Zhixian

1991, 11(3):  220-225. 

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The contents of Cu，Mn，Zn，Fe，Ca and Mg in the liver of Ochotona curzoniae and Myospalax baileyi were studied during April to October，1986．The elements in these solutions were determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometer．The specimens were obtained from Haibei Research Station of Aipine Meadow Ecosystem，
Academia Sinica .The main results are as follows：
1．The average contents of trace element in the 1iver of females and males of O．curzoniae has been shown in Table 1．
For females of O．curzoniae the liver contents of Cu，M n，Zn， Fe，Ca and Mg were significantly different among 3 periods，and for males，only Zn，Fe and Mg were found significantly dlfferent．
The trace element contents in the liver were found significantly dlfferent in diffefences sexes except withering period．
2．The average contents of trace element in the liver of M ．baileyi were shown in Table 2．
The contents of Mn，Zn，Ca and Mg in the liver of M ．baileyi were significantly different among 3 periods．
The significant difference of trace element have not been found betweensexs in M ．baileyi．
3．In general，the contents of trace element of M ．baileyi males are higher than females．
4．The contents of total trace element of O．curzoniae are higher than M ．baileyi．

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PROGRESS IN THE STUDIES ON THE NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY OF MICROTINE RODENTS IN NORTH AMERICA

LIU Jike， WANG Xi， LIU Wei

1991, 11(3):  226-235. 

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This paper introduced progresses in the studies on the nutritional ecology of microtine rodents in north America，and mainly reviewed the dietary pattern, food selection，nutrient requirement，forage quality and the role of nutrition in population dynamics for the microtines．
Several characteristics of the molars and the gastro-intestinal tracts of microtine rodents appear to be adaptations for use of high-fiber，low-protein, and low mineral diets．which ara consistent with the observation that most microtine species eat primarily the vegetative parts of plants．The exact compositions of diets are a function of the availability of food items and the nutritional adaptations of the speciesl the most accurate estimates of diet composition for microtine rodents seem to be volumetric estimates based upon microscopic exmination of stomach contents．
The same species in different habitats and different species in the same habitat eat different food items．Food item preference seems to depend upon a combination of the positive and negative characteristics of the item ，and different species have different tolerance for different plant secondary compounds．Performances of the microtine rodents on particular food items parallel their food preferences as measured by food intake and body growth ．
The nutrient requirements of the microtine rodents seem to require lower concentrations of digestible energy and protein in their diets．Mineral requirements are similar to laboratory rodents．Increased intake can compensate for the food of low digestibility and nutrient content so that requirements for energy and nutrients are met．Some evidences indicate that the quality of available forage can explain differences in the densities of microtine populations on time and space．

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THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGICAL HABIT OF WHITE-HEADED LANGUR(PRESBYTIS LEUCOCEPHALUS)

1991, 11(3):  236-237. 

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STUDIES ON PREDICTIVE MODEL ESTABLISHMENT OF RODENTS POPULATION NUMBER BY MEANS OF STEPWISE REGRESSION METHOD--TAKING STRIPED FIELD MOUSE (APODEMUS AGRARIUS)FROM ANYI COUNTY, JIANGXI AS AN EXAMPLE

1991, 11(3):  238-240. 

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