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20 May 1991, Volume 11 Issue 2

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STUDIES ON MALAYAN SUN BEAR(HELARCTOSMALAYANUS)IN ARTIFICIAL REARING

FENG Qing， WANG Yingxiang

1991, 11(2):  81-86. 

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From September 1987 to August 1989，the authors had reared Malayan Sun Bears，2 male adults and7 scubadults(3♂．4♀♀) which were from Ruili，west of Yunnan Province，studied the composition of diet which could meet the need of growth and development bears at different ages and observed the change of morphology，the growth of body weight，daily active time，and the formation of social structure in subadult group．The main results are as follows：
1．The composition cf diet is changed with different ages (Table 1 ). Subadults can grew and develop well. They can become sex-maturity at 2 or 3 years old.
2．The eyes of new born infants are closed Infants generally open their eyes at 25 days old．but they have no eyesight until 50 days old.
3．The newborn infants have no hearing, Before 30 days old the hearing is poor．After 50 days old，the hearing becomes sharper and sharper.
4．At 40 days old，the upper incisors and canine tooth start to appear，the complete adult dentition is acquired at about 18 months.
5 At 30 days old，the body hair of infants is greyish black except a dirty white U-shape mark in the breast and brown white or milk white muzzle．After 30 days old，infants begin to change hair. At 58 days old，the hair becomes very black and bright．
6． The body weight growth equations of subadults are：
♂: W =0.3414t ^1.1282，♀: W =0.3424t ^1.0918．
At 2 years old，the subadults reach the adult body weight. When the body weights are as the percentage of adult 1eve1，the growth equations are：
♂:W =0．7781t ^1.1275, ♀:w=0．9063t ^1.0921．
7. In captivity，te daily active peaks are in the morning and evening．which is different from thoes in the field；at summer，the bears like to swim in the pool. to chase and sleep in the shade；at winter，they like to take sunbathl during the peiod of growth, the active peak of subadults is at one year old at ocstrus．the daily active time is 8-10 hours．
8 After one year old，the group of subadult starts to form a constant social structure． which is for males．


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POPULATION ECOLOGY OF A DESERT RODENT DIPONOMYS SPECTABILIS IN THE CHINUAHUAN DESERT OF NORTH AMERICA

ZENG Zongyong

1991, 11(2):  87-98. 

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The data are presented on population density，body weight reproduction dispersal life span for an population of Dipodomys spectabilis in the Chihuahuan Desert of southwestern Arizona，USA from 1978 through 1985．Its long survival，relatively heavy bodyweight，low reproductive effort and philopatric behavior charaeterize the flexible life history that enables the population density of this kangaron rat to vary responding to wide，unpreductive fluctuations in this desert environment．The life history traits of both D．spectabilis and its congeneric species, D ．merriami occxisting the same area．are compared. The difference of the life history traits between them permits their coexisten by enabling them to use differentresource or to use the same resoures in different ways．


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STUDIES ON THE P0PULATI0N DYNAMICS 0F RATLIKE HAMSTER AND STRIPED HAMSTER IN RURAL DISTRICTS OF NORTHERN HUAIHE RIVER, ANHUI

ZHU Shengkan, QIN Zhiheng

1991, 11(2):  99-108. 

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The population dynamics of ratlike hamster (cricetulus triton)and striped hamster (cricetulus barabensis) has been studied in northern Huaibei River, Anhui, during 1982 to 1988, The results are as follows: The peaks of the seasonal numbers of ratlike hamster in the fluctuation curve varies from year to year. There were three peaks(Mar., July, Oct.) in higher-number year, two (July, Oct) in middle-number year and one (Oct., or Nov.) in lower-number year,. for striped hamster, there were two-(Apr., Aug) in higher-number year and one (Mar. to May) in lower-number year. The annual number variations of the former and the latter in 8 years(from 1981-1988) are in figure 3 in the fluctuation curve respectively. The reproductive periods of ratlike hamster and striped hamster in this area last 7 months(Apr. to Oct.) and 10months(feb. to Nov) respectively, and both of them have two peaks during reproduction(one in spring and the other in autumn). Analysis showed that the pregnancy rate of the former is remarkably positive correlated with the number in this year(correlation coefficient r value is 0.894)and that of the latter only affects the numbers of the next year( r value is 0.919).

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THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF THE SMALL MAMMALS IN THE RECLAIMED AREA OF QIANTANG RIVER

DING Ping, BAO Yixin, SHI Binsan, ZHUGE Yang

1991, 11(2):  109-117. 

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The structure of the small mammal community in the reclaimed area of the Qian— tang River were investigated in August 1987 and 1989．Results obtained are as follows．
1． The small mammals were captured in seven different ecological habitats in the reclaimed area and farmland area using the trap-night methods．According to the data 0brained．the small mammals in sample area can be divided into seven communities as below．
A ． Rattus losea community.
B． R.1osea+Apodemus agrarius community.
C． A．ugrius+R．1osea community．
D． A.agrarius +R．1osed Croeigura gracula community．
E A.ugrorius+C.druculs+Suncus murinus community．
F． A．ugfariu+S.murlus+C．dracula cemmunily．
G． A． agrarius+S． murinus comunity．
2． The index of the similarity between communities was related to the reclaimedn time． The highest index has been foune in community C-D.
3． The highest index of the diversity and the evennesss was in community E．
4. The bistribution of the small mammals was related to the crop type，the food and the soil type．Each had its moss suitable habitat of the trod and the soil．There was very marked correlation between the distribution of R．losea and the salinity and C／N of soil．
5． The structure of the small mammal community was relaetd to the vegetation and the soi1．

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A STUDY OF THE R0DENT COMMUNITY DIVISION IN HUANGNIHE FOREST REGION

YANG chunwen， CHEN Ronghai, ZHANG Chuanmei

1991, 11(2):  118-125. 

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The rodent community division were studied in Huangnihe forest region, Jilin Province, from June to July 1988．According to the forest condition We divided the rodent communities into 21 habitat types，and On the basis of species similar coefficient and Iterative inductive Cluster divisianal method．5 rodent communities were formed : Apodemus peninsulae+ Clethrionomys ruyocanus community A．peninsulae community; A.agrarius+A．peninsulae community, Microtus fortis +A．agrarius Community and C.rufocanus+community. Among the C.rufocanus community．A.peninsulae+C.rulocanus community and A．agrarius+A. peninsulag community are respectively the representative communities in coniferous belt．mixed forest of Canifer and broadleaf．and broadleaf belt．


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STUDIES ON THE SERUM AND LACTATE　DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES 0F TISSUES FROM　SUNCUS MURlNUS

SHI Binshan， ZHUGE Yang

1991, 11(2):  126-130. 

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The present paper reports the analysis of serum protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes in six kinds of tissues of Suncs murinu　murinus. The method used was the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Theserum protein and LDH isozymes in tissues of heart, muscle, kidney, spleen, liver and testis both have specificity. There were 15- 17 bands in the serum. 5 LDH bands could be found in all kinds of tissues．Different bands are referred to as LDH-1,LDH-2,LDH-3, LDH-4 and LDH-5 in order of relative electrophoretic mobility from cathode towards anode. The mobility of the LDH isozymes have been found obviously slow and the LDH-5 bands have got close to the cathode. In the ratios of A subunit and B subunit，A subunits have had the preponderance in tissues of muscle，spleen and liver while B subunit in tissue of heart and both A subunits and B subunits have not got dominant position in tissues of kidney and testis. In the LDH-I,LDH-2 of heart and LDH-1 of kidney sub-bands could be detected.

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A STUDY ON THE GROSS BODY COMPOSITION OF GROUND SQUIRREL （SPERMOPHILUS DAURICUS）IN THE XILIN RIVER BASIN ，INNER-MONGOLIA

CHEN Yanmei

1991, 11(2):  131-137. 

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The dominant species of rodents in Inner Mongolian Steppe is ground seuirrel(Spermophilus dauricus)，which has obvious seasonal characteristics，such as the corresponding variation in its gross body composition and hibernation．During growing period from late June to early August，the juveniles gain body weight very rapidly，and the relations between body weight and the percents of ash, phosphorus and magnesium are positively correlated while percent, age of water is negatively correlated with body weight，and the percentage of protein is not correlated in different stages．After weaning，the adult females large amount of body nutritious components have been expended，which are much less than those in males in the same group．Just prior to hibernation the adult males body nutritious components have high indexes in lipid content(25.27-27. 99)，caloric value(11.63-13.05kj／g)，ratio of caleium and phosphorus (1.81— 1.86)and so on．


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LIFE TABLE AND REPROUCTION OF ALASHAN GROUND SQUIRREL

CHEN Jingxian

1991, 11(2):  138-142. 

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Specimens of wild Alashan ground squirrel (Spermophitus daurlcus alachanicus) have been got at Huan county, Gansuprovinceand eight ageintervals of the specimenshave been determined. According to the specimens，the life table has been studied.The results are as follows：Themean mortality（q_x）ofground squirrel0.7512 (♂ ) and 0.6222 (♀) respectively;the mean lifeis 1.3311 year(♂ )and 1.6073 year (♀) respectively (Table1)．The net reproductive rate (R₀) is 1.7327 yearpergeneration. The intrinsic rate of in crease(instantaneous) (r_m) is 0.1433／year;themean time per generation(T) is 3.8346 yearand the finite increasing rate (λ) is 1.1541 year（Table 3)．

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ON THE FAUNISTICS AND REGIONALIZATI0N 0F GLIRES IN NINGXIA AUT0N0MOUS REGI0N ，CHINA

QIN Changyu

1991, 11(2):  143-151. 

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Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region comprises approximately 66 400 km² ofterritory, situated at the northern part of China,near the northwest corner of Loess plateau and the southwest border of Ortos plateau (between 104°17'-1O7°39'E， and 35°13'-39°23'N). The altitudinal range of the Autonomous Region is from 1090 to3500 m above sea leve1．The vegetation of southern Ningxia mainly consists of the montane forest-steppe，while the northern Ningxia is noted for its montane semi-desert． Hence the landscape of the southern part is completely different from that of the northern part. Since 1958, we have conducted many long-term investigations and collected many specimens of glires，Altogether 36 species of glires are found in this Region，belonging to 2 orders，7 fami1ies and 23 genera (Table 1) in which 32 species are considered as the elements of the Palaearctic Realm．In accordance with the characteristics of the faunal components and the natural environment，Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region it zoogeographically considered to be of the following regions (Table 2 ，Fig. 1) 1．Province of South Ningxia loess plateau and Luipan Mountains． 1A . Prefecture of Liupan Mountains. Characterized by the species of Sciurotamias davidganus，Tamlops swintroeg，Eozapus．Microtus oeconomas，Eothenomys eva, myospalax smithi, Apodemus draco． 1B：Prefecture of Loess plateauhilly land. Characterized by the species of Myopalax fontanieri． 2. Province of hilly and plain lands and Helan Mountains． 2A. Prefecture of mid-Ningxia hilly and plain lands, Characterized by the species of Cricetulus eversmanni，Elloblus talpinus, Ondatra zibethicus，Rattus flavipectus． 2B. Prefecture of Helan Mountains. Characterized by the species of Ochotona alpina．


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STUDIES ON CONTROLLING MANCHURIAN ZOKOR (MYOSPALAX PSILURUS) IN ARTIFICIAL FOREST OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS VAR．MONGOLICA AND SEED GARDEN

1991, 11(2):  152-153. 

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ON THE CHLOROPHACINONE TEST OF CONTROL TO FARM PEST IN LARGE AREA

1991, 11(2):  155-157. 

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