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    20 February 1991, Volume 11 Issue 1
    STUDY ON SEMEN CHARACTER OF GIANT PANDA I.OBSERVATION OF SEMEN QUALITY
    FENG Wen He, WANG Pengyan, WANG Chunrong, ZHANG Anju, YE Zhiyong, HE Guangxi
    1991, 11(1):  1-8. 
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    Semen has been collected by electroejaculation from 41 occasions since 1979,andsemenbeing apt for artificial insemination can be cellected from 6- 20 year old male giant pandas in an interval of 7 days during oestrotus period. The fresh selden could be maintained for 61 hours in 0~4 degrees centigrade,the motility ( %) of the frozenthawed sprmatozoa preserved for 1~6 years is over30% after 90min. at 37 degrees centigrade.and that spermatozoa could get an effcct in artificial insemination.
    Thesemen quality of giant panda is also compared with those of other animals of felidae and herbivorous.The high morphological abnormality rateof spermatozoa in giant panda isone of theose fatal reasons why the inseminationsuccess rate of the giant panda is low.So an important measure of improving the natural mating ability of the giant panda is to raise and administer the male animals scientifically.
    A STUDY ON THE SECONDARY MUSK SECRETION OF MALE MUSK DEER INDUCED PHYSI0L0GICALLY BY ANDROGEN WITHIN SUCCESSIVE TW0 YEARS
    YIN SHUYUAN, DAI Weiguo
    1991, 11(1):  9-12. 
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    The experimental process on a large scale of the physiologlcal inducement of the secondary musk secretion of male musk dear by androgen within successive two years was reported.
    Our experimental rcsults showed that in the physiological inducement of the secondarymusk secretion of male musk deers of different ages by androgen within successive years, the occurrence rate of induced musk secretion was more than 91%average growth rate of musk yield was 76.91% by this approach. Physiogical inducement by androgen could raise yield of musk secretion not only in this year,but also in th e next year in our experimental results,the natural musk secretion yield in the next year would increase by 26.9% over the last year.
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY 0N THE MAIE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN AND JAPANESE MONKEYS
    Ⅺ0NG Chengpei, WANG Qishan
    1991, 11(1):  13-22. 
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    The male sexual behavior of Thibetan and Japanese monkeys was studied. Study subjects were the Thibetan monkeys of Huangshan Yulingkeng troop(observed for a total of 807h.)and the Japanese monkeys of Shiga A1 troop (observed for a total of 178.2h.) The males or females of Thibetan and Japanese monkeys may solicit for copulation, In Thibetan monkeys, 82.4% of 539 sexual solicitations were perfromed by the males, while Japanese monkeys were observed to perfromed at a percentage freqency of 37.8% of 112 sexual solicitations. 448 complete copulations of Thibetan monkeys were recorded and they were single mount-to-ejaculators, duration of mounts averaged 23.2 sec. (4-67 sec.), and the ejaculation generally occured after 4-25 sec. (averaged 21.6 sec.), in which males averaged 20 pelvic thrusts(6-45 sec.), the rate of thrusting averaged 1.4/sec. In Japanese monkeys, 125 complete copulations were observed and they were multiple mount-to-ejaculators, duration of per mount averaged 2 sec. (0.5-9 sec.), which duration of ejaculatory sequencesn averaged 8.2min, (ranged 2-33 min), in which males mounts averaged 10.6 times(ranged 2-42), the rate of thrusting averaged 1.1/sec. (Table 1). In Thibetan monkeys, alpha was a main copulator in troop that occupied 70.9% of the copulations, while 2nd-, 3rd-male and low-ranking males(n=4) only occupied 22.5%, 3.5% and 3.1% respectively. However, low-ranking males(n=24) were main copulations in Japanese monkeys, they occupied 64% of the copulations, alpha and 2nd- male occupied 5.5%; and 3rd-, 4th- and 5th-male occupied 17%, 3%and 21% respectively(Table 2). Thibetan monkey's alpha, 2nd- and 3rd-male were more often to select mid- and old-aged females for their copulations, while low-ranking males tended to copulated with the pubescents. In Japanese monkeys, as a trend, the males were more often to copulate with old- and mid-aged females. (Table 3). Harassment from high-ranklng males may interrupt the copulation of low-ranking males,but the copulation of high-ranking males was rarely interrupted by harassment of low-ranking males in Thibetan monkeys.In Japanese monkeys,only 54.3 % of thecopulations of low-ranking males were interrupted by the harassment of high ranking males,and harassments from low-ranking males weren't observed.
    A STUDY OF MITOCHONDRIA-PRODUCED ENERGY DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT IN CLAWED JIRD, MERIONES UNGUICULATUS
    LI Qingfen, HUANG Chenxi, SUN Ruyong, CAI Bing
    1991, 11(1):  42-47. 
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    The present paper has showed that the levels of respiratory rate,oxidative phosphorylation and cytochrome oxidase activity of liver mitochondrla at first day after birth in Clawed jird were the same as those of 30 days old. Protein contents of the liver mitoehondria increased with developmental stage by about 20 days and mitochondria -produced energy was enhanced with growth by that time. Thismightbeone of the cellular mechanism of therrnoregulation in Clawed jird. The changes of cy ochrome oxidase activlty and succinate oxidase activity of brown adipose tissue mitochondrie displayed that brown adipose tissue played an important role in thermoregulation of neonatal.
    SEASONAL VARIATION IN ENERGY METABOLISM OF GROUND SQUIRREL(CITELLUS DAURIUS)
    SONG Xiaowei, ZENG Jinxiang
    1991, 11(1):  48-55. 
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    Oxygen consumption and other energetic parameters were in nonnothermic ground squirrels (Citellus daurieus) measured in spring.summer and autumn and also in hibernating hypothermic ones in winter,so as to deal with the regularity of seasonal variation energy metabolism of this hibernator. The results showed that in spring,summer and autumn the thermoneutral zone has about±3℃ vatiation.The BMR(ml/g-1.h-1 )was 3.6182,2.6396 and 2.6005 respectively.Of which the differenees between spring and summer ,between spring and autumn were significant.The lowest lRMR, 0.4436, was obtained at Ta of 5℃ in winter.Over the Ta ratges 0℃ to the low critical temperature.a signiflean tly negaHve correlation and a regression was observed between the Ta and the RMR in every normotherme season.The chemical thermoreguatien of C.dauricus was lower , especially in autumn,and it was inhibited while the animals were hibernating BMR in normothemle C.dagrlcus was closely related to the area of body surface,but the dependence on the area of body surface disappeared in hibernation hypothermia.

    THE EFFECT OF HYPOXIA 0N THE CONTENT OF TISSUE GLYC0GEN AND BLOOD SUGAR OF RATS AND OCHOTONA CURZONIAE
    CHEN Xiaoguang, DU Jizeng
    1991, 11(1):  56-60. 
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    The paper represented comparisons of content of glycongen in myocardium, skeletal muscle and cerebral cortex and the concentration of blood sugar between ratsand plateau mammals pika(ochotona curzoniae)atdifferent ages during simulated altitude hypoxia. It was found that the myocardiym and skeletal muscle glycogen in aged rats increased after exposed to an elevation of 8000m for 24h. while the content of cerebral cortex had no change. The glycogen levels of the myocardium, skeletal muscle and cerebral cortex in all adult rats were enhanced with rise of altitude. When rats were exposed to hypoxia at the altitiude of 7000m for 25 days ,the glycogen level of cerebal cortex in both aged and adult rats had a little of increase, but that of skeletal muscle and myocardium increased significantly, the blood sugar concentration in rats had no significant changes during exposure to hypoxia fo 48h. and 7days. After thd adutl O.curzoniae were exposed to hypoxia for 24h.the gocogen of cerebral crtex reduced markedly at either 5000 or 8000 altitude. the myocardium goycogen rose at an altitude of 8000m ,while the skeletal muscle glycogen reduced a little withe rise of altitude. In young O.curzoniae, cerebral cortex goycogen reduced and myocardium and skeletal glycogen increased with rise simulated altitide. The blood sugar in both young and adult O.curzoniae rose with the elevation enhancing and effect at 8000m was much more potent than that at 5000m.
    EFFEC 0F ACUTE AND CHR0NIC HYP0XIA 0N THE LIVER 0XIDATIVE PH0SPH0RYLAT10N AND RESPIRAT0RY C0NTR0L 0F RATSAND oCH0TONA CURZoNjAE
    YANG Shengmei, DU Jizeng, JIA Honggui
    1991, 11(1):  61-65. 
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    The changes of the liver oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory control of rat and O. Curzoniae during acute and chronic hypoxia were investgated with exygen electrode method in this paper.After exposed to hysioxia for 24 hours,in both of the groups of rat and 0.curzoniae at an altitude of 5 and 8 kilometers the oxidative phosphorylation shows no change,and the same for the respiratory control in group of0.curzoniae at thesame time.the rat's respiratory control of two hypoxia groups markedly increases,but this increase is induced by the reduetion of V4
    When exposed to hypoxia for 25 days,the oxidative phosphorylation in both of rat and 0.curzoniae has not changed yet.There is all obvious reduction in the respiratory control of rats at an altitute of 7 kilometers ald at the same time.an increazed respiratory control in group of O.curzoniae at an altitude of both 5 and 7 kilometer . It is concluded that in the cellular respiratory level, If exposed to hypoxia condition, the 0.curzoniae can use the oxygen more efficiently than rats.
    DETERMINATION OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY VALUE ON BLOOD 0F CITELLUS DAURICUS
    WANG Chenggui,MO Zhiyia, LIU Zhencai, LIU Quanxing, QIN Shun, WANG Chen, SHI Youcai
    1991, 11(1):  66-70. 
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    Nine items of biochemistry value were determined on blood of Citellus dauricus .The result showed that eight items of biochemistry value were different between adult and young and between male and female in various months except ietefus index.The content of globulin was higher than that of albumin young Citellus. dauricus
    A NEW REC0RD 0F CHlNESE BAT FROM KUNMlNG OF YUNNAN-PTEROPUS LYLEI K.ANDERSEN
    HE Xiaorui, YANG Bailun
    1991, 11(1):  71-72. 
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    A STUDY ON HABITAT SELECTION OF NORTHERN BANK VOLE AND LARGE-TOOTHED RAD-BACKED VOLE
    1991, 11(1):  73-74. 
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