草地退化影响高原鼠兔血清总IgG水平、肠道寄生物感染及肝脏和肾脏指数

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150715

兽类学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 531-539.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150715

草地退化影响高原鼠兔血清总IgG水平、肠道寄生物感染及肝脏和肾脏指数

吴学琴¹^,², 陈慧青¹^,², 张璐¹^,², 尚国珍¹^,³(), 吴雁⁴, 边疆晖¹^,³

^1.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室，西宁 810001
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^3.青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室，西宁 810001
^4.杭州师范大学生命科学学院，杭州 310012

收稿日期:2022-07-12 接受日期:2022-08-17 出版日期:2022-09-30 发布日期:2022-09-21
通讯作者: 尚国珍
作者简介:吴学琴 (1995- )，女，博士研究生，主要从事动物生理生态学研究；第一联系人：陈慧青 (1996- )，女，博士研究生，主要从事动物生理生态学研究. 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31870397);青海省自然科学基金青年项目(2021-ZJ-945Q);中国科学院A类先导专项(XDA2005010406);中国科学院青海省人民政府三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-01)

Grassland degradation affects serum total IgG level, intestinal parasitic infection and liver and kidney indices of plateau pika

Xueqin WU¹^,², Huiqing CHEN¹^,², Lu ZHANG¹^,², Guozhen SHANG¹^,³(), Yan WU⁴, Jianghui BIAN¹^,³

^1.Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
^3.Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810001, China
^4.School of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China

Received:2022-07-12 Accepted:2022-08-17 Online:2022-09-30 Published:2022-09-21
Contact: Guozhen SHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae) 作为青藏高原高寒草地生态系统中的关键物种，其种群数量随着过度放牧导致的草地退化而暴发式增长。阐明此过程中高原鼠兔天然免疫能力及肝脏和肾脏器官指数的变化，对深入揭示青藏高原草地退化引起的高原鼠兔种群暴发机理具有重要意义。本研究在青海海北高寒草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站地区，调查了轻度、中度、重度退化草地中高原鼠兔洞口数量，并测定了成体高原鼠兔血清总IgG含量、肠道寄生物感染状况及肝脏和肾脏指数。结果发现：随着草地退化，高原鼠兔洞口数量和血清总IgG水平显著增加；绦虫和线虫的感染率和感染强度以及肝脏和肾脏指数均显著降低。雄性对绦虫的感染率和肝脏指数显著低于雌性；雌性在重度退化草地中对绦虫和线虫的感染率及感染强度显著低于轻度退化草地。以上结果表明，过度放牧介导的草地退化增强了高原鼠兔的天然免疫功能，缓解了毒素对肝脏和肾脏的损伤，进而可能促进其种群暴发式增长。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 草地退化, 食物蛋白, 天然免疫, 肠道寄生物, 种群暴发

Abstract:

As a key species in the alpine grassland ecosystem of the Qinghai?Tibet Plateau, the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) population increased rapidly with grassland degradation. Understanding the changes in innate immune function and organ index of liver and kidney indices of plateau pika is of great significance for further revealing the physiological mechanism of plateau pika population outbreak caused by grassland degradation on the Qinghai?Tibet Plateau. In this study, we investigated the number of burrow entrances, measured serum total IgG levels, intestinal parasitic infection, and liver and kidney indices of adult plateau pikas inhabiting lightly, moderately, and heavily degraded grassland (LD, MD and HD) at Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem. Our results showed that with grassland degradation, the number of burrow entrances and serum total IgG levels increased significantly, while the prevalence and intensity of infection of cestodes and nematodes as well as liver and kidney indices decreased markedly. The prevalence of infection of cestodes and liver index in males were significantly lower than those in females, and the prevalence and intensity of infection of cestodes and nematodes in females in HD were significantly lower than those in LD. These results indicate that grassland degradation induced by overgrazing enhances the innate immune of plateau pika and alleviate the damage of toxins to liver and kidney, which may promote population outbreaks.

Key words: Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), Grassland degradation, Food protein, Innate immune, Intestinal parasites, Population outbreaks

中图分类号:

Q143

吴学琴, 陈慧青, 张璐, 尚国珍, 吴雁, 边疆晖. 草地退化影响高原鼠兔血清总IgG水平、肠道寄生物感染及肝脏和肾脏指数[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(5): 531-539.

Xueqin WU, Huiqing CHEN, Lu ZHANG, Guozhen SHANG, Yan WU, Jianghui BIAN. Grassland degradation affects serum total IgG level, intestinal parasitic infection and liver and kidney indices of plateau pika[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 42(5): 531-539.

图/表 4

图1 不同退化草地中高原鼠兔的洞口数量 (平均值 ± 标准误). 图中不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)

Fig. 1 The number of burrow entrances of plateau pika in lightly (LD), moderaterly (MD) and heavily degraded grassland (HD) (mean ± SE). The lowercase indicates significant difference (P < 0.05)

图2 不同退化草地中高原鼠兔血清总IgG水平 (平均值 ± 标准误).轻度、中度和重度退化草地的雄性样本量分别为17、25和23，雌性样本量分别为26、33和20.图中不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)

Fig. 2 Serum total IgG levels of plateau pika in LD, MD and HD (mean ± SE). n = 17, 25 and 23 for males and n = 26, 33 and 20 for females in LD, MD and HD, respectively. The lowercase indicates significant difference (P < 0.05). For abbreviations, see Fig.1

图3 不同退化草地中高原鼠兔对球虫、绦虫和线虫的感染率及感染强度 (平均值 ± 标准误).轻度、中度和重度退化草地的雄性样本量分别为12、11和11，雌性样本量分别为13、19和10. 图中不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05). 由于所检测的高原鼠兔均感染了球虫，所以未对球虫的感染率进行统计分析. 中度退化草地中高原鼠兔未感染绦虫，所以统计分析时删除了该组

Fig. 3 Prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasites infection of plateau pika in LD, MD and HD (mean ± SE). n = 12, 11 and 11 for males and n = 13, 19 and 10 for females in LD, MD and HD, respectively. The lowercase indicates significant difference (P < 0.05). Because all the plateau pikas were infected with coccidia, the coccidian prevalence was not analyzed. The plateau pikas in MD were not infected with cestode, so the group was excluded during the statistical analyses. For abbreviations, see Fig.1

图 4 不同退化草地中高原鼠兔的肝脏指数和肾脏指数 (平均值 ± 标准误). 轻度、中度和重度退化草地的雄性样本量分别为22、30和28，雄性样本量分别为32、41和29. 图中不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)

Fig. 4 The liver and kidney indices of plateau pika in LD, MD and HD (mean ± SE). n = 22, 30 and 28 for males and n = 32, 41 and 29 for females in LD, MD and HD, respectively. The lowercase indicates significant difference (P < 0.05). For abbreviations, see Fig.1

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草地退化影响高原鼠兔血清总IgG水平、肠道寄生物感染及肝脏和肾脏指数

Grassland degradation affects serum total IgG level, intestinal parasitic infection and liver and kidney indices of plateau pika

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