四川贡嘎山狼的栖息地适宜性分析

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150946

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 掌握物种栖息地的分布格局和利用特征是制定有效保护策略的前提。本文根据四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区2011—2023年红外相机采集到狼(Canis lupus)的39个位点分布数据，以植被类型、气候、地形和距河流距离四类环境变量为基础，基于MaxEnt模型分析贡嘎山地区狼适宜栖息地的空间分布特征及环境变量与狼分布的关联。结果显示，贡嘎山地区狼的适宜栖息地总面积为1 061 km²，其中低、中和高适宜栖息地面积分别为624 km²、284 km²和153 km²，分别占预测区域总面积的9.0%、4.1%和2.2%。适宜栖息地主要分布在贡嘎山西坡的康定市，九龙县、泸定县和石棉县分布较少。结果显示，气温年较差、距河流距离和坡向是影响狼栖息地利用最重要的3个环境变量，累计贡献率为81.6%。狼喜好的栖息地类型为气温年较差28.5~30℃、距河流较近、海拔3 300~4 500 m且相对平坦的阴坡，生境包括亚高山针叶林和高山灌丛草甸。本研究为贡嘎山保护区狼的长期保护提供了基础资料和依据。

关键词: 狼, 栖息地适宜性, 贡嘎山, MaxEnt模型

Abstract: Understanding the habitat use and distribution pattern of species is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. This study presents 39 distribution sites of Canis lupus detected by infrared cameras from 2011 to 2023 in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Using the MaxEnt model, we analyzed the suitable habitat of wolves in the Gongga Mountains and investigated the association between environmental features and wolf occurrence. The results showed that the suitable habitat area of wolves was 1 061 km², with low, middle, and high suitable areas accounting for 9. 0%, 4. 1%, and 2. 2% of total area, respectively. The suitable habitat was primarily distributed on the western slope of Gongga Mountains in Kangding County, but was less prevalent in Jiulong, Luding, and Shimian counties. temperature annual range, distance to rivers, and aspect were the top three environmental variables contributing to the spatial distribution of wolves, and the cumulative contribution rate was 81. 6%. The model response area curves indicate that the most suitable habitat for wolves located in the shady gentle slopes with an annual temperature of 28. 5 - 30. 0 ℃, by the riverside, and at altitudes of 3 300 - 4 500 m, mainly covering subalpine coniferous forests and alpine scrub meadows. In addition, we recovered a large area of suitable habitat for wolves on the western side of Gongga Mountain Reserve, and we suggest that this area should be included in the monitoring scope during the special investi‐gation of wolves. Through periodic and systematic data collection, the role of wolves in maintaining the stability of ecosystem functioning can be effectively evaluated. It is worth noting that the balance of socio-economic development and wolf protection is also an issue that should be considered in the future. This study provides a theoretical framework for the long-term protection of wolves in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province.

Key words: Canis lupus, Habitat suitability, Gongga Mountain, MaxEnt model

中图分类号:

Q958.1

乔江, 姬朋真, 李倩, 钱宗亮, 李旭琴, 阮光发, 蒋勇, 王杰. 四川贡嘎山狼的栖息地适宜性分析[J]. 兽类学报, 2024, 44(6): 762-770.

QIAO Jiang, JI Pengzhen, LI Qian, QIAN Zongliang, LI Xuqin, RUAN Guangfa, JIANG Yong, WANG Jie. Habitat suitability analysis of wolves (Canis lupus) in the Gongga Mountains, Sichuan Province[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2024, 44(6): 762-770.

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