兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 105-115.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150986
杨梦婵1(
), 孙芳芳1, 吴杨1, 王英勇2, 赵健3, 邓可彤1
收稿日期:2024-07-24
接受日期:2025-03-07
出版日期:2026-01-30
发布日期:2026-02-03
通讯作者:
杨梦婵
作者简介:杨梦婵(1990- ),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事城市生物多样性保护管理研究.
基金资助:
Mengchan YANG1(
), Fangfang SUN1, Yang WU1, Yingyong WANG2, Jian ZHAO3, Ketong DENG1
Received:2024-07-24
Accepted:2025-03-07
Online:2026-01-30
Published:2026-02-03
Contact:
Mengchan YANG
摘要:
城市化深刻塑造了区域生物多样性,但我国关于城市动物的研究较少,缺乏对于城市动物如何响应城市化的深刻认识。为进一步探究城市动物多样性的维持机制,本研究基于深圳市2022年8月至2022年11月176台红外相机数据建立了城市哺乳动物单季节占域模型来估计物种占域特征,并分析环境因素生境结构(植被与水源)、人为干扰(夜间灯光)及生物因素(流浪猫)对其占域分布的影响。结果显示,此次共调查到哺乳动物4目8科10种。其中,豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和鼬獾(Melogale moschata)占域率和探测率均较高,猕猴(Macaca mulatta)探测率最高但占域率低,其他物种占域率和探测率均相对中等偏低。植被状况是影响豹猫、鼬獾、小灵猫(Viverricula indica)和赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)等生境选择的重要因素,水源对马来豪猪(Hystrix brachyura)占域分布的影响最为明显。相对其他物种,赤腹松鼠和鼬獾对城市环境表现出了一定适应,其占域率随植被盖度降低及夜间灯光增强呈现出一定上升趋势。双物种占域分析显示,赤腹松鼠和猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)在分布上呈现回避家猫(Felis catus)存在的特征,豹猫等5个物种的空间分布则与家猫趋于重合,流浪猫通过空间挤占和资源竞争或对城市动物造成一定威胁。由于不同物种对城市化影响有着不同的响应模式,在制定城市生物多样性保护政策时应考虑不同物种的生境需求与适应策略。
中图分类号:
杨梦婵, 孙芳芳, 吴杨, 王英勇, 赵健, 邓可彤. 基于红外相机技术的城市哺乳动物占域研究——以深圳市为例[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(1): 105-115.
Mengchan YANG, Fangfang SUN, Yang WU, Yingyong WANG, Jian ZHAO, Ketong DENG. Study on the occupancy model of urban mammals using camera-trapping techniques: a case study in Shenzhen, south China[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(1): 105-115.
| 物种 Species | 表面占域率 | 估计占域率 | 估计探测率 | 协变量累积权重 Covariate AIC weight | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDVI | WAT | NL | ||||
| 豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis | 0.489 | 0.557 | 0.025 | 0.571 | 0.394 | 0 |
| 野猪Sus scrofa | 0.381 | 0.404 | 0.045 | 0.274 | 0.261 | 0.878 |
| 鼬獾Melogale moschata | 0.227 | 0.245 | 0.041 | 0.871 | 0.167 | 0.277 |
| 花面狸Paguma larvata | 0.108 | 0.151 | 0.019 | 0.326 | 0.185 | 0.862 |
| 马来豪猪Hystrix brachyura | 0.080 | 0.098 | 0.013 | 0.900 | 0.900 | 0.900 |
| 赤腹松鼠Callosciurus erythraeus | 0.063 | 0.065 | 0.050 | 0.325 | 0 | 0 |
| 猪獾Arctonyx collaris | 0.023 | 0.064 | 0.008 | 0.550 | 0.386 | 0.757 |
| 猕猴Macaca mulatta | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.217 | 0.605 | 0.646 | 1.000 |
| 小灵猫Viverricula indica | 0.017 | 0.026 | 0.001 | 0.861 | 0.454 | 0.861 |
| 赤麂Muntiacus vaginalis | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.019 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
表1 目标物种占域分析结果
Table 1 Results of occupancy modeling for target mammals
| 物种 Species | 表面占域率 | 估计占域率 | 估计探测率 | 协变量累积权重 Covariate AIC weight | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDVI | WAT | NL | ||||
| 豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis | 0.489 | 0.557 | 0.025 | 0.571 | 0.394 | 0 |
| 野猪Sus scrofa | 0.381 | 0.404 | 0.045 | 0.274 | 0.261 | 0.878 |
| 鼬獾Melogale moschata | 0.227 | 0.245 | 0.041 | 0.871 | 0.167 | 0.277 |
| 花面狸Paguma larvata | 0.108 | 0.151 | 0.019 | 0.326 | 0.185 | 0.862 |
| 马来豪猪Hystrix brachyura | 0.080 | 0.098 | 0.013 | 0.900 | 0.900 | 0.900 |
| 赤腹松鼠Callosciurus erythraeus | 0.063 | 0.065 | 0.050 | 0.325 | 0 | 0 |
| 猪獾Arctonyx collaris | 0.023 | 0.064 | 0.008 | 0.550 | 0.386 | 0.757 |
| 猕猴Macaca mulatta | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.217 | 0.605 | 0.646 | 1.000 |
| 小灵猫Viverricula indica | 0.017 | 0.026 | 0.001 | 0.861 | 0.454 | 0.861 |
| 赤麂Muntiacus vaginalis | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.019 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
图3 环境变量对目标物种占域率(Ψ)的影响. a:归一化植被指数;b:距水源距离;c:夜间灯光. 灰色区域为95%置信区间,R为环境变量与占域率的相关系数
Fig. 3 The effect of covariates on occupancy probability (Ψ) of target mammals. a: NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index; b: WAT, distance to river; c: NL, nighttime light. The gray area indicates 95% confidence intervals; R is the coefficient of covariates and occupancy
| 物种 Species | SIF | ||
|---|---|---|---|
家猫 + 豹猫 Felis catus + Prionailurus bengalensis | 0.805 | 0.500 | 1.120 |
家猫 + 赤腹松鼠 Felis catus + Callosciurus erythraeus | 0.121 | 0.996 | 0.725 |
家猫 + 花面狸 Felis catus + Paguma larvata | 0.593 | 0.040 | 2.434 |
家猫 + 马来豪猪 Felis catus + Hystrix brachyura | 1.000 | 0.154 | 3.993 |
家猫 + 野猪 Felis catus + Sus scrofa | 0.547 | 0.342 | 1.042 |
家猫 + 鼬獾 Felis catus + Melogale moschata | 0.675 | 0.118 | 1.721 |
家猫 + 猪獾 Felis catus + Arctonyx collaris | 0.121 | 1.000 | 0.692 |
表2 流浪猫与目标物种共存关系
Table 2 Species interaction factors between free-ranging cat and target mammals
| 物种 Species | SIF | ||
|---|---|---|---|
家猫 + 豹猫 Felis catus + Prionailurus bengalensis | 0.805 | 0.500 | 1.120 |
家猫 + 赤腹松鼠 Felis catus + Callosciurus erythraeus | 0.121 | 0.996 | 0.725 |
家猫 + 花面狸 Felis catus + Paguma larvata | 0.593 | 0.040 | 2.434 |
家猫 + 马来豪猪 Felis catus + Hystrix brachyura | 1.000 | 0.154 | 3.993 |
家猫 + 野猪 Felis catus + Sus scrofa | 0.547 | 0.342 | 1.042 |
家猫 + 鼬獾 Felis catus + Melogale moschata | 0.675 | 0.118 | 1.721 |
家猫 + 猪獾 Felis catus + Arctonyx collaris | 0.121 | 1.000 | 0.692 |
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| 附录A 环境协变量间相关性检验结果 (**P < 0.05) | |
| Appendix A Correlation coefficients among covariate pairs (**P < 0.05) |
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