兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 320-336.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151123
钱怡顺1, 牟鑫1, 罗斌2, 李小平2, 罗云丽2, 李松1,3(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-05
接受日期:2025-09-19
出版日期:2026-05-30
发布日期:2026-06-04
通讯作者:
李松
作者简介:钱怡顺(1996- ),男,硕士,主要从事小型兽类分类学研究;基金资助:
Yishun QIAN1, Xin MOU1, Bin LUO2, Xiaoping LI2, Yunli LUO2, Song LI1,3(
)
Received:2025-07-05
Accepted:2025-09-19
Online:2026-05-30
Published:2026-06-04
Contact:
Song LI
摘要:
鼠耳蝠属(Myotis)是陆生脊椎动物中分布最广泛的类群之一,全世界共140种,中国29种,而且随着分类学研究的深入,该属内新的种类还在不断被发现。本研究基于经典分类学(包括外部形态特征、毛色及头骨等特征比较)、辅以分子生物学研究手段分别分析了采集于云南双柏(9号标本)和永德(2号标本)的标本。结果显示:上述标本在分类上均属于鼠耳蝠属,但不属于现有已描记的任何鼠耳蝠物种,而且遗传距离上已达到种级分化水平。据此,本研究将这两个类群分别描述为新种:双柏鼠耳蝠 Myotis shuangbaiensis Li & Qian,sp. nov.及永德鼠耳蝠 Myotis yongdensis Li & Qian,sp. nov.。双柏鼠耳蝠的鉴别特征为背毛基部黑色、毛尖浅棕,腹毛毛基黑色、毛尖灰白,翼膜附着于后足第一趾基部,上内门齿(I2)与上外门齿(I3)大小相近,第二下前臼齿(P2)齿高小于下犬齿之半,第三下前臼齿(P3)的齿基面积和齿高均分别约为第二下前臼齿(P2)的三分之二。永德鼠耳蝠的鉴别特征为背毛深棕红色,腹毛基部棕黑色、毛尖灰白色,股间膜腹面具密度适中的短毛,翼膜附着于后足跖骨基部,耳屏顶端圆弧形,第三上前臼齿(P3)的齿高约为第二上前臼齿(P2)之半。本研究结果不仅反映了鼠耳蝠属内的分类学研究仍存在诸多的未知领域,而且还进一步增添了中国西南地区生物多样性的丰富度。
中图分类号:
钱怡顺, 牟鑫, 罗斌, 李小平, 罗云丽, 李松. 中国西南地区鼠耳蝠属(翼手目:蝙蝠科)两新种[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(3): 320-336.
Yishun QIAN, Xin MOU, Bin LUO, Xiaoping LI, Yunli LUO, Song LI. Two new species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from southwestern China[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(3): 320-336.
| 物种Species | 标本号Voucher | 样品采集地Sample locality | 序列号GenBank accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 西南鼠耳蝠 M. altarium | No voucher | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | FJ215677 |
| 西南鼠耳蝠 M. altarium | YichangMa49 | 中国 China | JX465366 |
| 西南鼠耳蝠 M. altarium | No voucher | 中国 China | EF553530 |
| 缺齿鼠耳蝠 M. annectans | ROM 106376 | 老挝 Laos | AJ841956 |
| 缺齿鼠耳蝠 M. annectans | HNHM 26056 | 越南 Viet Nam | OR413543 |
| 缺齿鼠耳蝠 M. annectans | TK21189 | 泰国 Thailand | AY485688 |
| 狭耳鼠耳蝠 M. blythii | HEB‑2023‑060 | 中国 China | OR799562 |
| 狭耳鼠耳蝠 M. blythii | IRMADEHBL3 | 伊朗 Iran | OK351290 |
| 狭耳鼠耳蝠 M. blythii | SXI52 | 中国 China | OR096797 |
| 远东鼠耳蝠 M. bombinus | No voucher | 中国 China | EF555240 |
| 远东鼠耳蝠 M. bombinus | Mbom71RU | 俄罗斯 Russia | MG897532 |
| 远东鼠耳蝠 M. brandtii | NMP PB 916 | 俄罗斯 Russia | AM261886 |
| 中华鼠耳蝠 M. chinensis | GU 7844 | 中国 China | AB106588 |
| 中华鼠耳蝠 M. chinensis | YN223 | 中国 China | OR096809 |
| 中华鼠耳蝠 M. chinensis | Yunnan 1152 | 中国 China | ON640683 |
| 沼泽鼠耳蝠 M. dasycneme | IZEA 5049 | 荷兰 Holland | AF376846 |
| 毛腿鼠耳蝠 M. fimbriatus | HNHM 25872 | 中国 China | MW054892 |
| 毛腿鼠耳蝠 M. fimbriatus | YN34 | 中国 China | OR096824 |
| 毛腿鼠耳蝠 M. fimbriatus | THUMB 76 | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187858 |
| 金黄鼠耳蝠M. formosus | 210004 | 中国广东 Guangdong,China | PP556763 |
| 长尾鼠耳蝠M. frater | SD49 | 中国 China | OR096822 |
| 长尾鼠耳蝠M. frater | No voucher | 中国吉林 Jilin,China | FJ215682 |
| 长尾鼠耳蝠M. frater | KM12985 | 日本 Japan | AB106593 |
| 小巨足鼠耳蝠M. hasseltii | SMF69345 | 马来西亚 Malaysia | AF376850 |
| 霍氏鼠耳蝠M. horsfieldii | GZHU 23119 | 中国浙江 Zhejiang,China | PP265517 |
| 霍氏鼠耳蝠M. horsfieldii | ZMMU S 165039 | 越南 Viet Nam | MW491239 |
| 霍氏鼠耳蝠M. horsfieldii | A0653 | 中国 China | KP187907 |
| 伊氏鼠耳蝠M. ikonnikovi | KK0042 | 日本 Japan | AB106596 |
| 伊氏鼠耳蝠M. ikonnikovi | B1 | 日本 Japan | AY665165 |
| 印支鼠耳蝠M. indochinensis | GZHU15186 | 中国 China | KX259331 |
| 印支鼠耳蝠M. indochinensis | GZHU 15186 | 中国 China | OR413541 |
| 印支鼠耳蝠M. indochinensis | Yunnan 294 | 中国 China | ON640686 |
| 华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger | MHNG 1981.074 | 印度 India | MW054875 |
| 华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger | My1 | 中国 China | MW054877 |
| 华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger | HuN18 | 中国 China | OR096780 |
| 华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger | No voucher | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187880 |
| 大趾鼠耳蝠M. macrodactylus | JA03 | 中国 China | OR096832 |
| 大趾鼠耳蝠M. macrodactylus | No voucher | 中国 China | EF555238 |
| 大趾鼠耳蝠M. macrodactylus | No voucher | — | AY665163 |
| 大趾鼠耳蝠M. macrodactylus | No voucher | 日本 Japan | AB085736 |
| 山地鼠耳蝠M. montivagus | CMF 960418.2 | 老挝 Laos | AM262333 |
| 山地鼠耳蝠M. montivagus | SMF69340 | 马来西亚 Malaysia | AF376857 |
| 喜山鼠耳蝠M. muricola | 14168 | 中国 China | OR096835 |
| 喜山鼠耳蝠M. muricola | SMF 86172 | 老挝 Laos | AJ841957 |
| 尼泊尔鼠耳蝠M. nipalensis | CDZTU B9 | 尼泊尔 Nepal | MW054894 |
| 尼泊尔鼠耳蝠M. nipalensis | ZSI VMERS 445 | 印度 India | MW054881 |
| 北京鼠耳蝠M. pequinius | No voucher | 中国陕西 Shaanxi,China | AM284172 |
| 北京鼠耳蝠M. pequinius | SXI58 | 中国 China | OR096818 |
| 东亚水鼠耳蝠M. petax | TH62 | 中国 China | OR096833 |
| 东亚水鼠耳蝠M. petax | Jiangxi 189 | 中国 China | ON640689 |
| 东亚水鼠耳蝠M. petax | No voucher | 中国 China | EF555237 |
| 大足鼠耳蝠M. pilosus | Guangdong129 | 中国 China | ON640690 |
| 大足鼠耳蝠M. pilosus | ACJ006 | 中国安徽 Anhui,China | GU372837 |
| 渡濑氏鼠耳蝠M. rufoniger | THUMB 30022 | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187885 |
| 高颅鼠耳蝠M. siligorensis | 5 Myo sili | 印度 India | MW054882 |
| 大卫鼠耳蝠M. davidii | NMP 95320 | 俄罗斯 Russia | KU060263 |
| M. sibiricus | Mbra18RU | 俄罗斯 Russia | MG897575 |
| 朗卡鼠耳蝠M. longicaudatus | ZMMU S‑195677 | 俄罗斯 Russia | MT547896 |
| M. secundus | THUMB 30052 | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187900 |
| M. pruinosus | No voucher | 日本 Japan | AB855787 |
| M. yanbarensis | SM7365 | 日本 Japan | AB106610 |
| 长指鼠耳蝠M. longipes | ZSI M2210 | 印度 India | MW054878 |
| M. phanluongi | ZMMU: 175154 | 越南 Viet Nam | KF312525 |
| M. alticraniatus | HuN12 | 中国 China | OR096757 |
| M. alticraniatus | KIZ20230670 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX270299 |
| Myotis sp.1 | KIZ20230537 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120811 |
| Myotis sp.1 | KIZ20230547 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120812 |
| Myotis sp.1 | KIZ20230564 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120810 |
| Myotis sp.2 | KIZ20230663 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120813 |
| Myotis sp.2 | KIZ20230668 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120814 |
| 台湾宽吻蝠Submyotodon latirostris | THUMB 30036 | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187906 |
| 亚洲长翼蝠Miniopterus fuliginosus | ZSI M2262 | 印度 India | MW054886 |
表1 本研究使用的鼠耳蝠属物种Cyt b基因序列
Table 1 Cyt b sequences of Myotis species used in this study
| 物种Species | 标本号Voucher | 样品采集地Sample locality | 序列号GenBank accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 西南鼠耳蝠 M. altarium | No voucher | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | FJ215677 |
| 西南鼠耳蝠 M. altarium | YichangMa49 | 中国 China | JX465366 |
| 西南鼠耳蝠 M. altarium | No voucher | 中国 China | EF553530 |
| 缺齿鼠耳蝠 M. annectans | ROM 106376 | 老挝 Laos | AJ841956 |
| 缺齿鼠耳蝠 M. annectans | HNHM 26056 | 越南 Viet Nam | OR413543 |
| 缺齿鼠耳蝠 M. annectans | TK21189 | 泰国 Thailand | AY485688 |
| 狭耳鼠耳蝠 M. blythii | HEB‑2023‑060 | 中国 China | OR799562 |
| 狭耳鼠耳蝠 M. blythii | IRMADEHBL3 | 伊朗 Iran | OK351290 |
| 狭耳鼠耳蝠 M. blythii | SXI52 | 中国 China | OR096797 |
| 远东鼠耳蝠 M. bombinus | No voucher | 中国 China | EF555240 |
| 远东鼠耳蝠 M. bombinus | Mbom71RU | 俄罗斯 Russia | MG897532 |
| 远东鼠耳蝠 M. brandtii | NMP PB 916 | 俄罗斯 Russia | AM261886 |
| 中华鼠耳蝠 M. chinensis | GU 7844 | 中国 China | AB106588 |
| 中华鼠耳蝠 M. chinensis | YN223 | 中国 China | OR096809 |
| 中华鼠耳蝠 M. chinensis | Yunnan 1152 | 中国 China | ON640683 |
| 沼泽鼠耳蝠 M. dasycneme | IZEA 5049 | 荷兰 Holland | AF376846 |
| 毛腿鼠耳蝠 M. fimbriatus | HNHM 25872 | 中国 China | MW054892 |
| 毛腿鼠耳蝠 M. fimbriatus | YN34 | 中国 China | OR096824 |
| 毛腿鼠耳蝠 M. fimbriatus | THUMB 76 | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187858 |
| 金黄鼠耳蝠M. formosus | 210004 | 中国广东 Guangdong,China | PP556763 |
| 长尾鼠耳蝠M. frater | SD49 | 中国 China | OR096822 |
| 长尾鼠耳蝠M. frater | No voucher | 中国吉林 Jilin,China | FJ215682 |
| 长尾鼠耳蝠M. frater | KM12985 | 日本 Japan | AB106593 |
| 小巨足鼠耳蝠M. hasseltii | SMF69345 | 马来西亚 Malaysia | AF376850 |
| 霍氏鼠耳蝠M. horsfieldii | GZHU 23119 | 中国浙江 Zhejiang,China | PP265517 |
| 霍氏鼠耳蝠M. horsfieldii | ZMMU S 165039 | 越南 Viet Nam | MW491239 |
| 霍氏鼠耳蝠M. horsfieldii | A0653 | 中国 China | KP187907 |
| 伊氏鼠耳蝠M. ikonnikovi | KK0042 | 日本 Japan | AB106596 |
| 伊氏鼠耳蝠M. ikonnikovi | B1 | 日本 Japan | AY665165 |
| 印支鼠耳蝠M. indochinensis | GZHU15186 | 中国 China | KX259331 |
| 印支鼠耳蝠M. indochinensis | GZHU 15186 | 中国 China | OR413541 |
| 印支鼠耳蝠M. indochinensis | Yunnan 294 | 中国 China | ON640686 |
| 华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger | MHNG 1981.074 | 印度 India | MW054875 |
| 华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger | My1 | 中国 China | MW054877 |
| 华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger | HuN18 | 中国 China | OR096780 |
| 华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger | No voucher | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187880 |
| 大趾鼠耳蝠M. macrodactylus | JA03 | 中国 China | OR096832 |
| 大趾鼠耳蝠M. macrodactylus | No voucher | 中国 China | EF555238 |
| 大趾鼠耳蝠M. macrodactylus | No voucher | — | AY665163 |
| 大趾鼠耳蝠M. macrodactylus | No voucher | 日本 Japan | AB085736 |
| 山地鼠耳蝠M. montivagus | CMF 960418.2 | 老挝 Laos | AM262333 |
| 山地鼠耳蝠M. montivagus | SMF69340 | 马来西亚 Malaysia | AF376857 |
| 喜山鼠耳蝠M. muricola | 14168 | 中国 China | OR096835 |
| 喜山鼠耳蝠M. muricola | SMF 86172 | 老挝 Laos | AJ841957 |
| 尼泊尔鼠耳蝠M. nipalensis | CDZTU B9 | 尼泊尔 Nepal | MW054894 |
| 尼泊尔鼠耳蝠M. nipalensis | ZSI VMERS 445 | 印度 India | MW054881 |
| 北京鼠耳蝠M. pequinius | No voucher | 中国陕西 Shaanxi,China | AM284172 |
| 北京鼠耳蝠M. pequinius | SXI58 | 中国 China | OR096818 |
| 东亚水鼠耳蝠M. petax | TH62 | 中国 China | OR096833 |
| 东亚水鼠耳蝠M. petax | Jiangxi 189 | 中国 China | ON640689 |
| 东亚水鼠耳蝠M. petax | No voucher | 中国 China | EF555237 |
| 大足鼠耳蝠M. pilosus | Guangdong129 | 中国 China | ON640690 |
| 大足鼠耳蝠M. pilosus | ACJ006 | 中国安徽 Anhui,China | GU372837 |
| 渡濑氏鼠耳蝠M. rufoniger | THUMB 30022 | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187885 |
| 高颅鼠耳蝠M. siligorensis | 5 Myo sili | 印度 India | MW054882 |
| 大卫鼠耳蝠M. davidii | NMP 95320 | 俄罗斯 Russia | KU060263 |
| M. sibiricus | Mbra18RU | 俄罗斯 Russia | MG897575 |
| 朗卡鼠耳蝠M. longicaudatus | ZMMU S‑195677 | 俄罗斯 Russia | MT547896 |
| M. secundus | THUMB 30052 | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187900 |
| M. pruinosus | No voucher | 日本 Japan | AB855787 |
| M. yanbarensis | SM7365 | 日本 Japan | AB106610 |
| 长指鼠耳蝠M. longipes | ZSI M2210 | 印度 India | MW054878 |
| M. phanluongi | ZMMU: 175154 | 越南 Viet Nam | KF312525 |
| M. alticraniatus | HuN12 | 中国 China | OR096757 |
| M. alticraniatus | KIZ20230670 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX270299 |
| Myotis sp.1 | KIZ20230537 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120811 |
| Myotis sp.1 | KIZ20230547 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120812 |
| Myotis sp.1 | KIZ20230564 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120810 |
| Myotis sp.2 | KIZ20230663 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120813 |
| Myotis sp.2 | KIZ20230668 | 中国云南 Yunnan,China | PX120814 |
| 台湾宽吻蝠Submyotodon latirostris | THUMB 30036 | 中国台湾 Taiwan,China | KP187906 |
| 亚洲长翼蝠Miniopterus fuliginosus | ZSI M2262 | 印度 India | MW054886 |
图1 基于Cyt b序列的最大似然法系统发育树(bootstrap自展支持率低于0.7的值未显示)
Fig. 1 Maximum‑likelihood phylogenetic tree based on Cyt b sequences, with bootstrap support values below 0.7 not shown
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Myotis sp.1 | |||||||||||
| 2 | M. pruinosus | 13.62% | ||||||||||
| 3 | M. indochinensis | 14.50% | 13.91% | |||||||||
| 4 | M. secundus | 15.12% | 15.42% | 15.34% | ||||||||
| 5 | M. yanbarensis | 16.08% | 15.61% | 15.42% | 10.58% | |||||||
| 6 | M. montivagus | 16.48% | 16.04% | 10.94% | 15.28% | 15.95% | ||||||
| 7 | Myotis sp.2 | 17.94% | 16.71% | 16.32% | 18.30% | 19.45% | 18.85% | |||||
| 8 | M. siligorensis | 19.00% | 16.43% | 16.18% | 18.78% | 19.86% | 18.52% | 9.40% | ||||
| 9 | M. longipes | 18.89% | 18.17% | 15.70% | 18.23% | 19.68% | 17.60% | 10.52% | 11.31% | |||
| 10 | M. alticraniatus | 18.03% | 17.31% | 17.22% | 15.99% | 18.20% | 17.37% | 12.96% | 14.23% | 13.50% | ||
| 11 | M. laniger | 17.90% | 16.38% | 16.71% | 16.03% | 18.89% | 17.93% | 13.63% | 13.93% | 14.30% | 8.22% | |
| 12 | M. phanluongi | 19.30% | 17.48% | 17.94% | 17.10% | 19.29% | 18.23% | 14.37% | 13.75% | 13.88% | 6.67% | 9.06% |
表2 基于Cyt b序列计算的遗传距离
Table 2 Genetic distances based on Cyt b sequences
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Myotis sp.1 | |||||||||||
| 2 | M. pruinosus | 13.62% | ||||||||||
| 3 | M. indochinensis | 14.50% | 13.91% | |||||||||
| 4 | M. secundus | 15.12% | 15.42% | 15.34% | ||||||||
| 5 | M. yanbarensis | 16.08% | 15.61% | 15.42% | 10.58% | |||||||
| 6 | M. montivagus | 16.48% | 16.04% | 10.94% | 15.28% | 15.95% | ||||||
| 7 | Myotis sp.2 | 17.94% | 16.71% | 16.32% | 18.30% | 19.45% | 18.85% | |||||
| 8 | M. siligorensis | 19.00% | 16.43% | 16.18% | 18.78% | 19.86% | 18.52% | 9.40% | ||||
| 9 | M. longipes | 18.89% | 18.17% | 15.70% | 18.23% | 19.68% | 17.60% | 10.52% | 11.31% | |||
| 10 | M. alticraniatus | 18.03% | 17.31% | 17.22% | 15.99% | 18.20% | 17.37% | 12.96% | 14.23% | 13.50% | ||
| 11 | M. laniger | 17.90% | 16.38% | 16.71% | 16.03% | 18.89% | 17.93% | 13.63% | 13.93% | 14.30% | 8.22% | |
| 12 | M. phanluongi | 19.30% | 17.48% | 17.94% | 17.10% | 19.29% | 18.23% | 14.37% | 13.75% | 13.88% | 6.67% | 9.06% |
| 物种Species | M. secundus | M. pruinosus | M. yanbarensis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myotis sp.1 | TIB t(31)= -9.82,P < 0.001 CCL t(30)= -8.21,P < 0.001 ZB t(31)= -4.48,P < 0.001 BM t(30)= 2.86,P = 0.080 IC t(30)= 2.27,P = 0.031 I2-M3t(28)= -2.28,P = 0.031 | FA t(18)= 5.80,P < 0.001 TIB t(14)= 5.08,P < 0.001 GTL t(11)= 10.70,P < 0.001 CBL t(11)= 12.78,P < 0.001 ZB t(10)= 4.25,P = 0.001 IC t(11)= 6.41,P < 0.001 C1‑M3t(11)= 5.04,P < 0.001 M3‑M3t(11)= 4.09,P = 0.002 ML t(10)= 11.95,P < 0.001 I1‑M3t(11)= 7.77,P < 0.001 | FA t(9)= -4.17,P = 0.002 TIB t(9)= -4.53,P = 0.001 GTL t(9)= -8.00,P < 0.001 CBL t(9)= -12.85,P < 0.001 ZB t(9)= -7.26,P < 0.001 BH t(8)= -27.15,P < 0.001 I2‑M3t(9)= -8.56,P < 0.001 C1‑M3t(9)= -8.55,P < 0.001 M3‑M3t(9)= -5.02,P = 0.001 ML t(9)= -12.87,P < 0.001 I1‑M3t(9)= -12.80,P < 0.001 |
表 3 Myotis sp.1与相似种的头骨形态学测量值差异
Table 3 Craniodental morphometric divergence between Myotis sp.1 and morphometrically resembling congeners
| 物种Species | M. secundus | M. pruinosus | M. yanbarensis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myotis sp.1 | TIB t(31)= -9.82,P < 0.001 CCL t(30)= -8.21,P < 0.001 ZB t(31)= -4.48,P < 0.001 BM t(30)= 2.86,P = 0.080 IC t(30)= 2.27,P = 0.031 I2-M3t(28)= -2.28,P = 0.031 | FA t(18)= 5.80,P < 0.001 TIB t(14)= 5.08,P < 0.001 GTL t(11)= 10.70,P < 0.001 CBL t(11)= 12.78,P < 0.001 ZB t(10)= 4.25,P = 0.001 IC t(11)= 6.41,P < 0.001 C1‑M3t(11)= 5.04,P < 0.001 M3‑M3t(11)= 4.09,P = 0.002 ML t(10)= 11.95,P < 0.001 I1‑M3t(11)= 7.77,P < 0.001 | FA t(9)= -4.17,P = 0.002 TIB t(9)= -4.53,P = 0.001 GTL t(9)= -8.00,P < 0.001 CBL t(9)= -12.85,P < 0.001 ZB t(9)= -7.26,P < 0.001 BH t(8)= -27.15,P < 0.001 I2‑M3t(9)= -8.56,P < 0.001 C1‑M3t(9)= -8.55,P < 0.001 M3‑M3t(9)= -5.02,P = 0.001 ML t(9)= -12.87,P < 0.001 I1‑M3t(9)= -12.80,P < 0.001 |
物种 Species | 上门齿比例 Upper incisors ratio | 齿高 Tooth height | 齿基面积 Tooth base area | 颧弓宽度 Zygomatic width/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myotis sp.1 | I3与I2大小相近 I3 is similar to I2 | P2小于下犬齿的1/2;P3约为P2的2/3 P2 is less than half of lower canine; P3 is approximately two‑thirds of P2 | P3约为P2的2/3 P3 is approximately two‑thirds of P2 | 8.57 ~ 8.97 |
M. secundus (Ruedi et al.,2015) | I3显著小于I2 I3 is significantly smaller than I2 | P2大于下犬齿的1/2 P2 is more than half of lower canine | — | — |
M. pruinosus (Wilson and Mittermeier,2019) | — | P3约为P2的1/3 P3 is approximately one‑third of P2 | P3约为P2的1/3 P3 is approximately one‑third of P2 | — |
M. yanbarensis (Maeda and Matsumura,1998) | — | — | P3约等于P2 P3 is approximately equal to P2 | 9.40 ~ 9.55 |
表4 Myotis sp.1与其相似种的形态特征比较
Table 4 Morphological comparisons of Myotis sp.1 with its similar species
物种 Species | 上门齿比例 Upper incisors ratio | 齿高 Tooth height | 齿基面积 Tooth base area | 颧弓宽度 Zygomatic width/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myotis sp.1 | I3与I2大小相近 I3 is similar to I2 | P2小于下犬齿的1/2;P3约为P2的2/3 P2 is less than half of lower canine; P3 is approximately two‑thirds of P2 | P3约为P2的2/3 P3 is approximately two‑thirds of P2 | 8.57 ~ 8.97 |
M. secundus (Ruedi et al.,2015) | I3显著小于I2 I3 is significantly smaller than I2 | P2大于下犬齿的1/2 P2 is more than half of lower canine | — | — |
M. pruinosus (Wilson and Mittermeier,2019) | — | P3约为P2的1/3 P3 is approximately one‑third of P2 | P3约为P2的1/3 P3 is approximately one‑third of P2 | — |
M. yanbarensis (Maeda and Matsumura,1998) | — | — | P3约等于P2 P3 is approximately equal to P2 | 9.40 ~ 9.55 |
物种 Species | 腹毛特征 Ventral fur characteristics | 耳屏顶端 Tip of tragus | 翼膜附着位置 Attachment point of plagiopatagium | 股间膜腹面毛被 Ventral pelage of uropatagium | 上前臼齿高度 Height of upper premolars |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myotis sp.2 | 基部棕黑色,毛尖灰白 Base:brownish‑black, Tips:grayish‑white | 圆弧 Arched | 跖骨基部 Base of metatarsal bones | 毛发较M. alticraniatus明显浓密 Pelage obviously thicker than M. alticraniatus | P3 约为P2的1/2 P3 approximately half of P2 |
高颅鼠耳蝠 M. siligorensis (Ruedi et al.,2021) | 基部深黑色,毛尖淡奶油色 Base:deep black, Tips: pale cream‑colored | 尖锐 Pointed | — | — | — |
M. longipes (Wilson and Mittermeier,2019) | — | — | 第一趾基部 Base of first digit | — | — |
| M. alticraniatus | 淡褐色 Pale brown | — | — | 稀疏短毛 Sparse short pelage | — |
M. phanluongi (Borisenko et al.,2008) | — | — | 第一趾基部 Base of first digit | — | P3小于P2的1/2 P3 less than half of P2 |
华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger (Ruedi et al.,2015) | 乳白色 Creamy white | — | 跖骨中部 Midshaft of metatarsal bones | — | — |
表5 Myotis sp.2与其相似种的形态特征比较
Table 5 Morphological comparisons of Myotis sp.2 with its similar species
物种 Species | 腹毛特征 Ventral fur characteristics | 耳屏顶端 Tip of tragus | 翼膜附着位置 Attachment point of plagiopatagium | 股间膜腹面毛被 Ventral pelage of uropatagium | 上前臼齿高度 Height of upper premolars |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myotis sp.2 | 基部棕黑色,毛尖灰白 Base:brownish‑black, Tips:grayish‑white | 圆弧 Arched | 跖骨基部 Base of metatarsal bones | 毛发较M. alticraniatus明显浓密 Pelage obviously thicker than M. alticraniatus | P3 约为P2的1/2 P3 approximately half of P2 |
高颅鼠耳蝠 M. siligorensis (Ruedi et al.,2021) | 基部深黑色,毛尖淡奶油色 Base:deep black, Tips: pale cream‑colored | 尖锐 Pointed | — | — | — |
M. longipes (Wilson and Mittermeier,2019) | — | — | 第一趾基部 Base of first digit | — | — |
| M. alticraniatus | 淡褐色 Pale brown | — | — | 稀疏短毛 Sparse short pelage | — |
M. phanluongi (Borisenko et al.,2008) | — | — | 第一趾基部 Base of first digit | — | P3小于P2的1/2 P3 less than half of P2 |
华南水鼠耳蝠M. laniger (Ruedi et al.,2015) | 乳白色 Creamy white | — | 跖骨中部 Midshaft of metatarsal bones | — | — |
图2 双柏鼠耳蝠(Myotis shuangbaiensis sp. nov.)正模标本外部形态特征图. A:身体腹面观;B:身体背面观;C1:腹部被毛细节;C2:背部被毛细节;C3:耳部及耳屏结构
Fig. 2 Holotype of Myotis shuangbaiensis sp. nov. A: Ventral view; B: Dorsal view; C1: Abdomen hair details; C2: Dorsal hair details; C3: Ear and tragus
图 3 双柏鼠耳蝠(Myotis shuangbaiensis sp. nov.)正模标本的头骨、下颌骨及齿列照片. A:头骨背面观;B:头骨侧面观;C:头骨腹面观;D:头骨正面观;E:下颌骨侧面观;F:下颌骨咬合面观;G1:上齿列侧面观;G2:上齿列咬合面观;G3:下齿列侧面观;G4:下齿列咬合面观;红色箭头示,a:I3与I2大小相近;b:P2齿高小于下犬齿之半;c:P3的齿高和齿基面积约为P2的三分之二
Fig. 3 Holotype of Myotis shuangbaiensis sp. nov. A: Dorsal view of the skull; B: Lateral view of the skull; C: Ventral view of the skull; D: Frontal view of the skull; E: Lateral view of the mandible;F: Occlusal view of the mandible; G1: Lateral view of the upper dentition; G2: Occlusal view of the upper dentition; G3: Lateral view of the lower dentition; G4: Occlusal view of the lower dentition; Red arrows show, a: I3 and I2 are similar in size; b: P2 crown height is less than half of the lower canine; c: P3 crown height and basal area are about two‑thirds of P2
图4 永德鼠耳蝠(Myotis yongdensis sp. nov.)正模标本外部形态特征图. A:身体腹面观;B:身体背面观;C1:腹部被毛细节;C2:背部被毛细节;C3:耳部及耳屏结构;红色箭头示,a:翼膜附着于后足跖骨基部;b:股间膜腹面覆盖密度适中的毛发;c:腹毛基部呈棕黑色而毛尖灰白;d:耳屏顶端圆弧形
Fig. 4 Holotype of Myotis yongdensis sp. nov. A: Ventral view; B: Dorsal view; C1: Ventral hair details; C2: Dorsal hair details; C3: Ear and tragus; Red arrows show, a: Wing membrane attached to metatarsal base; b: Medium‑thick hair covers the belly of the interfemoral membrane; c: Ventral hair has a brown‑black base and a gray‑white tip; d: Rounded tragus tip
图 5 永德鼠耳蝠(Myotis yongdensis sp. nov.)正模标本的头骨、下颌骨及齿列照片. A:头骨背面观;B:头骨侧面观;C:头骨腹面观;D:头骨正面观;E:下颌骨侧面观;F:下颌骨咬合面观;G1:上齿列侧面观;G2:上齿列咬合面观;G3:下齿列侧面观;G4:下齿列咬合面观;红色箭头示,a:P3齿高约为P2之半
Fig. 5 Holotype of Myotis yongdensis sp. nov. A: Dorsal view of the skull; B: Lateral view of the skull; C: Ventral view of the skull; D: Frontal view of the skull; E: Lateral view of the mandible; F: Occlusal view of the mandible; G1: Lateral view of the upper dentition; G2: Occlusal view of the upper dentition; G3: Lateral view of the lower dentition; G4: Occlusal view of the lower dentition; Red arrow show, a: crown height of P3 is about half that of P2
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| 附录A Myotis sp.1及其相似种的测量数据(体质量单位:g;长度单位:mm) |
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