兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 379-389.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151031
李沁芳1, 魏楷丽2, 张明海1, 索朗坚参null3, 周良俊4, 梁晓平1, 王琳1, 王彬影5, 殷长潇1, 张玮琪1(
)
收稿日期:2024-11-28
接受日期:2025-04-15
出版日期:2026-05-30
发布日期:2026-06-04
通讯作者:
张玮琪
作者简介:李沁芳(1997- ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事野生动物营养与生态学研究.
基金资助:
Qinfang LI1, Kaili WEI2, Minghai ZHANG1, Suolangjiancan3, Liangjun ZHOU4, Xiaoping LIANG1, Lin WANG1, Binying WANG5, Changxiao YIN1, Weiqi ZHANG1(
)
Received:2024-11-28
Accepted:2025-04-15
Online:2026-05-30
Published:2026-06-04
Contact:
Weiqi ZHANG
摘要:
乡镇周边公路修建的本质是城市与自然双复杂系统的互相渗透,这种干扰通常会对分布的野生动物造成一定影响。本研究分别于2021年和2023年两年草枯期,利用优化的最大熵模型,对西藏自治区山南市桑日县增期乡一条新路修建前后马鹿藏南亚种(Cervus elaphus wallichii)的潜在适宜栖息地分布进行预测。研究结果显示道路和气候变化是影响马鹿藏南亚种栖息地适宜性的主要环境因子,新路修建后气候和道路的累计贡献率分别达29.5%和47.6%,当气温介于-7 ℃和-9 ~ -11 ℃之间、海拔约3 900 m且靠近河流的区域马鹿藏南亚种的出现概率最高,适宜区主要集中在增期乡中部的公路以及附近山脉,新路修建后,适宜区面积较新路修建前增加了0.83%,适宜生境质心整体向东偏移,但潜在适宜分布区于道路总体无明显变化,马鹿藏南亚种种群并未体现出对道路明显的回避。本研究表明,短期公路修建对增期乡地区马鹿藏南亚种适宜分布区面积并未造成显著影响,但长期影响的监测需持续进行。
中图分类号:
李沁芳, 魏楷丽, 张明海, 索朗坚参null, 周良俊, 梁晓平, 王琳, 王彬影, 殷长潇, 张玮琪. 短期局部公路修建工程影响下马鹿藏南亚种潜在适宜生境分布区变化[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(3): 379-389.
Qinfang LI, Kaili WEI, Minghai ZHANG, Suolangjiancan, Liangjun ZHOU, Xiaoping LIANG, Lin WANG, Binying WANG, Changxiao YIN, Weiqi ZHANG. Changes in potential suitable habitat distribution of Cervus elaphus wallichii affected by short-term local highway construction projects[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(3): 379-389.
数据类型 Data type | 环境因子 Environmental factor | 代码 Code | 数据时间 Data time | 是否参与预测 Participate in prediction (Y/N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
气候因子 Climatic factor | 温度季节性变异系数 Temperature seasonality | Bio 4 | 1970—2000 | 是 Y |
| 最干季度平均气温 Mean temperature of driest quarter/℃ | Bio 9 | 1970—2000 | 是 Y | |
| 最干月份降水量 Precipitation of driest month/mm | Bio 14 | 1970—2000 | 是 Y | |
地形因子 Terrain factor | 海拔 Elevation/m | Elevation | 2009 | 是 Y |
| 距河流距离 Distance to the stream/m | Dis stream | 2009 | 是 Y | |
| 坡度 Slope/(°) | Slope | 2009 | 是 Y | |
| 坡向 Aspect/(°) | Aspect | 2009 | 是 Y | |
植被因子 Vegetation factor | 归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index | NDVI | 2021、2023 | 是 Y |
| 土地利用类型 Land use type | Landcover | 2018 | 否 N | |
人类活动因子 Human activity factor | 距公路距离 Distance to the highway/m | Dis highway | 2021 | 是 Y |
| 距小路距离 Distance to the dirt road/m | Dis dirt road | 2021 | 是 Y | |
距柏油路(含新路)距离 Distance to the asphalt road (including the new road)/m | Dis asphalt road | 2023 | 是 Y |
表1 MaxEnt模型利用的环境因子
Table1 The environmental factors used by the MaxEnt model
数据类型 Data type | 环境因子 Environmental factor | 代码 Code | 数据时间 Data time | 是否参与预测 Participate in prediction (Y/N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
气候因子 Climatic factor | 温度季节性变异系数 Temperature seasonality | Bio 4 | 1970—2000 | 是 Y |
| 最干季度平均气温 Mean temperature of driest quarter/℃ | Bio 9 | 1970—2000 | 是 Y | |
| 最干月份降水量 Precipitation of driest month/mm | Bio 14 | 1970—2000 | 是 Y | |
地形因子 Terrain factor | 海拔 Elevation/m | Elevation | 2009 | 是 Y |
| 距河流距离 Distance to the stream/m | Dis stream | 2009 | 是 Y | |
| 坡度 Slope/(°) | Slope | 2009 | 是 Y | |
| 坡向 Aspect/(°) | Aspect | 2009 | 是 Y | |
植被因子 Vegetation factor | 归一化植被指数 Normalized difference vegetation index | NDVI | 2021、2023 | 是 Y |
| 土地利用类型 Land use type | Landcover | 2018 | 否 N | |
人类活动因子 Human activity factor | 距公路距离 Distance to the highway/m | Dis highway | 2021 | 是 Y |
| 距小路距离 Distance to the dirt road/m | Dis dirt road | 2021 | 是 Y | |
距柏油路(含新路)距离 Distance to the asphalt road (including the new road)/m | Dis asphalt road | 2023 | 是 Y |
图2 新路修建前(a)后(b)环境变量对马鹿藏南亚种分布的重要性
Fig.2 The importance of environmental variables to the distribution of Cervus elaphus wallichii before (a) and after (b) the construction of the new road
环境变量 Environmental variables | 贡献百分率 Percent contribution/% | |
|---|---|---|
新路修建前 Before the construction of the new road | 新路修建后 After the construction of the new road | |
| 距公路距离 Dis highway | 27.4 | — |
| 距柏油路(含新修建)距离 Dis asphalt road | — | 29 |
| 距小路距离Dis dirt road | 1.3 | 18.6 |
| 温度季节性变异系数 Bio4 | 2.6 | 10 |
| 最干季度平均气温 Bio9 | 13 | 3.9 |
| 最干月份降水量 Bio14 | 26.9 | 15.6 |
| 海拔 Elevation | 3.1 | 2.2 |
| 距河流距离 Dis stream | 6.3 | 6.1 |
| 归一化植被指数 NDVI | 10.7 | 2.6 |
| 坡向 Aspect | 7.5 | 9.6 |
| 坡度 Slope | 1.2 | 2.4 |
表2 影响马鹿藏南亚种分布的环境变量贡献率
Table 2 Percentage of environmental variables affecting the distribution of Cervus elaphus wallichii
环境变量 Environmental variables | 贡献百分率 Percent contribution/% | |
|---|---|---|
新路修建前 Before the construction of the new road | 新路修建后 After the construction of the new road | |
| 距公路距离 Dis highway | 27.4 | — |
| 距柏油路(含新修建)距离 Dis asphalt road | — | 29 |
| 距小路距离Dis dirt road | 1.3 | 18.6 |
| 温度季节性变异系数 Bio4 | 2.6 | 10 |
| 最干季度平均气温 Bio9 | 13 | 3.9 |
| 最干月份降水量 Bio14 | 26.9 | 15.6 |
| 海拔 Elevation | 3.1 | 2.2 |
| 距河流距离 Dis stream | 6.3 | 6.1 |
| 归一化植被指数 NDVI | 10.7 | 2.6 |
| 坡向 Aspect | 7.5 | 9.6 |
| 坡度 Slope | 1.2 | 2.4 |
图3 影响马鹿藏南亚种适宜区分布的重要环境变量响应曲线
Fig.3 Response curves of prominent environmental variables affecting the distribution of suitable areas for Cervus elaphus wallichii
图4 新路修建前(a)后(b)草枯期马鹿藏南亚种适宜区分布
Fig.4 Distribution of suitable areas for Cervus elaphus wallichii during the lean period before (a) and after (b) the construction of the new road
图5 新路修建前后草枯期马鹿藏南亚种适宜生境空间格局变化及质心迁移
Fig.5 Changes in spatial pattern and centroid transfer of suitable habitats for Cervus elaphus wallichii during the lean season before and after the construction of the new road
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