关键词: 马鹿, 分布范围, 种群数量, 季节变化, 贺兰山保护区

Abstract: Using 107 active points and 572 points (active and feces points)obtained in 2009 in Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve we estimated the distribution area of red deer (Cervus elaphus)with 95% FKE (Fixed kernel estimation) and 100% MCP (Minimum convex polygon). We found the FKE and more GPS points resulted in a more accurate
estimation.This method indicated that the distribution area of red deer was 642. 33 km2 ,between Xiaoshuigou and Yushugou (38°23′33″ - 38°56′22″N,105°33′36″ - 106°12′22″E);this area represents 33% of the total area of the reserve. Chaqikou and Dashuigou are the two highest density areas for red deer. Of the 37 line transects conducted,19 line
transects lie in the distribution area. Red deer were not encountered in Huangqikou and Xiaokouzi and these areas have the highest levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Using Distance 6. 0 (model:Uniform + Simple polynomial),we estimated the population size to be 1 420 (880 -2 300)in the reserve Red deer inhabited different elevations in different seasons and the lowest elevation was inhabited in winter. It was difficult to detect red deer in spring,summer and autumn because of vegetation cover and higher elevation areas. Red deer maintained small group sizes (3. 50 ± 2. 76,range:1 - 13,n = 107), but group size varied with season;bigger groups formed (4. 26 ± 3.09)in winter.Red deer inhabited forest with less anthropogenic disturbance. Our findings show that reserve managers should minimize human disturbance in certain areas to attract more red deer.

Key words: Distribution area, Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve, Population size, Red deer (Cervus elaphus), Seasonal variation