兽类学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 324-332.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150910
王霞1,2, 陈雨3, 郑海峰2, 钟伟2, 陈丽霞2, 孙雅望1,3()
收稿日期:
2024-01-26
接受日期:
2024-10-18
出版日期:
2025-05-31
发布日期:
2025-06-03
通讯作者:
孙雅望
作者简介:
王霞 (1972- ),女,农业正高级经济师,主要从事金佛山国家级自然保护区野生动植物保护和建设发展工作.基金资助:
Xia WANG1,2, Yu CHEN3, Haifeng ZHENG2, Wei ZHONG2, Lixia CHEN2, Yawang SUN1,3()
Received:
2024-01-26
Accepted:
2024-10-18
Online:
2025-05-31
Published:
2025-06-03
Contact:
Yawang SUN
摘要:
为了探究金佛山国家级自然保护区内的黑叶猴种群数量和分布情况,以及猴群对环境的适应性,本研究采用访问调查、红外相机监测、样线调查、痕迹观察等方法于2021年12月至2022年10月调查了金佛山国家级自然保护区内的野生黑叶猴 (Trachypithecus francoisi) 种群数量与分布。同时通过非损伤性取样法采集保护区内黑叶猴粪便并进行肠道微生物测序。结果表明,金佛山国家级自然保护区内有野生黑叶猴23群共约180只,平均7.83只/群,猴群集中分布于保护区的核心区,龙塘、吊嘴一带数量最多。金佛山黑叶猴的粪便微生物菌群中优势门类为厚壁菌门 (Firmicutes)、放线菌门 (Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门 (Verrucomicrobia)、拟杆菌门 (Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门 (Proteobacteria),在种水平上,嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌 (Akkermansia muciniphila) 更具优势。结果得出,近年来金佛山国家级自然保护区内的野生黑叶猴种群数量呈现稳步上升趋势,其肠道微生物多样性为野生黑叶猴在复杂的自然环境中生存提供了保障。
中图分类号:
王霞, 陈雨, 郑海峰, 钟伟, 陈丽霞, 孙雅望. 金佛山国家级自然保护区黑叶猴种群数量分布与肠道微生物组成[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(3): 324-332.
Xia WANG, Yu CHEN, Haifeng ZHENG, Wei ZHONG, Lixia CHEN, Yawang SUN. Population size, distribution and gut bacterial composition of Trachypithecus francoisi in Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(3): 324-332.
图1 金佛山国家级自然保护区功能分区示意图及调查区域的黑叶猴种群分布点和调查线路
Fig.1 Functional partitioning diagram of Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve, distribution spot of Trachypithecus francoisi and surveying routes in surveying area
群号 Group No. | 主要活动地 Main activity areas | 种群数量/只 Population size | 数据来源 Data resource |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 茶园 Chayuan | 5 (4A, 1J) | 访问数据 Accessing data |
2 | 茶园 Chayuan | 9 (6A, 1J, 2I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
3 | 茶园 Chayuan | 7 (5A, 1J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
4 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 7 (5A, 2J) | 野外观察 Field observation |
5 | 龙塘 Longtang | 9 (6A, 1J, 2I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
6 | 龙塘 Longtang | 5 (4A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, Field observation |
7 | 龙塘 Longtang | 10 (7A, 2J, 1I) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, Field observation |
8 | 龙塘 Longtang | 7 (6A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, |
9 | 龙塘 Longtang | 10 (7A, 2J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
10 | 老熊湾 Laoxiongwan | 8 (6A, 1J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
11 | 老熊湾 Laoxiongwan | 11 (7A, 3J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
12 | 大后坪 Dahouping | 4 (4A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, |
13 | 大后坪 Dahouping | 7 (5A, 2J) | 野外观察 Field observation |
14 | 大后坪 Dahouping | 12 (8A, 2J, 2I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
15 | 泥河坝 Niheba | 7 (6A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, Field observation |
16 | 泥河坝 Niheba | 8 (6A, 2J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, |
17 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 9 (7A, 1J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
18 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 10 (8A, 2J) | 野外观察 Field observation |
19 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 5 (4A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, Field observation |
20 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 7 (6A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, |
21 | 天山坪 Tianshanping | 9 (7A, 2J) | 访问数据 Accessing data |
22 | 天山坪Tianshanping | 6 (5A, 1J) | 访问数据 Accessing data |
23 | 天山坪Tianshanping | 8 (6A, 2J) | 访问数据 Accessing data |
合计 Total | 180 (平均7.83只/群 Average population size is 7.83 per group) |
表1 金佛山国家级自然保护区黑叶猴种群数量及分布
Table 1 The population size and distribution of Trachypithecus francoisi in Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve
群号 Group No. | 主要活动地 Main activity areas | 种群数量/只 Population size | 数据来源 Data resource |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 茶园 Chayuan | 5 (4A, 1J) | 访问数据 Accessing data |
2 | 茶园 Chayuan | 9 (6A, 1J, 2I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
3 | 茶园 Chayuan | 7 (5A, 1J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
4 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 7 (5A, 2J) | 野外观察 Field observation |
5 | 龙塘 Longtang | 9 (6A, 1J, 2I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
6 | 龙塘 Longtang | 5 (4A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, Field observation |
7 | 龙塘 Longtang | 10 (7A, 2J, 1I) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, Field observation |
8 | 龙塘 Longtang | 7 (6A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, |
9 | 龙塘 Longtang | 10 (7A, 2J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
10 | 老熊湾 Laoxiongwan | 8 (6A, 1J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
11 | 老熊湾 Laoxiongwan | 11 (7A, 3J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
12 | 大后坪 Dahouping | 4 (4A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, |
13 | 大后坪 Dahouping | 7 (5A, 2J) | 野外观察 Field observation |
14 | 大后坪 Dahouping | 12 (8A, 2J, 2I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
15 | 泥河坝 Niheba | 7 (6A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, Field observation |
16 | 泥河坝 Niheba | 8 (6A, 2J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, |
17 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 9 (7A, 1J, 1I) | 野外观察 Field observation |
18 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 10 (8A, 2J) | 野外观察 Field observation |
19 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 5 (4A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, Field observation |
20 | 吊嘴 Diaozui | 7 (6A, 1J) | 访问数据、野外观察Accessing data, |
21 | 天山坪 Tianshanping | 9 (7A, 2J) | 访问数据 Accessing data |
22 | 天山坪Tianshanping | 6 (5A, 1J) | 访问数据 Accessing data |
23 | 天山坪Tianshanping | 8 (6A, 2J) | 访问数据 Accessing data |
合计 Total | 180 (平均7.83只/群 Average population size is 7.83 per group) |
图2 金佛山国家级自然保护区黑叶猴肠道微生物在门水平上的相对丰度
Fig.2 Relative abundances of gut bacterial community at the phyla level of Trachypithecus francoisi in Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve
图3 金佛山国家级自然保护区黑叶猴肠道微生物在种水平上的相对丰度
Fig.3 Relative abundances of gut bacterial community at the species level of Trachypithecus francoisi in Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve
图4 金佛山国家级自然保护区黑叶猴肠道微生物的Krona物种组成圆图.Krona圆图从内到外依次代表域、门、纲、目、科、属、种7个分类水平,扇形的大小反映了不同分类单元的相对丰度高低,并给出具体数值.在每个分类水平,各分类单元以不同的颜色加以区分
Fig.4 Krona taxonomic composition circle diagram of gut bacterial of Trachypithecus francoisi in Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve. Krona taxonomic composition circle diagram represents domain, phylum, order, family, genus, and species from the inside out. The size of the sector reflects the relative abundance of different taxonomic units and provides specific numerical values. At each classification level, each taxonomic unit is distinguished by different colors
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