河南济源人工引水渠隧道冬眠蝙蝠种群动态变化研究

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.151046

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冬眠对蝙蝠种群繁衍和维持至关重要。先前工作发现，河南济源人工引水渠隧道是重要的蝙蝠冬眠地，蝙蝠的冬眠种群数量逐年增高，且具有不同的冬眠方式。然而，冬眠期间蝙蝠的物种组成和种群数量是否存在动态变化尚不清楚。我们于2023年11月至2024年2月对该隧道冬眠蝙蝠的种群动态进行了4次调查。尽管历史数据显示冬眠种群呈持续增长趋势，但2023—2024年监测表明种群总数并未发生明显增长，且物种组成发生了变化：未发现金管鼻蝠(Murina aurata)，但新增了大耳菊头蝠(Rhinolophus episcopus)。蝙蝠不同物种间的种群数量比例波动不大，马铁菊头蝠(R.nippon)依旧是优势物种，小菊头蝠(R.pusillus)次之。冬眠期间种群呈现规律性波动，11月和12月的冬眠总数基本持平，1月达到顶峰，2月降至最低。空间分布上，在距洞口小于30 m的低温波动区域，冬眠个体占比从历史的20.0%降至7.8%；而小菊头蝠冬眠数量波动较大，其更倾向冬眠于温暖的区域。值得注意的是，2023年12月—2024年2月极端寒潮事件，通过加剧洞口区域微气候波动，驱动了冬眠蝙蝠的空间分布重构与种群动态调整。本次调查发现，冬眠蝙蝠的种群数量呈动态变化，并且冬眠种群数量和栖点选择可能受外界环境变化的影响。这些结果丰富了我国蝙蝠冬眠生态学信息，也为极端环境对冬眠蝙蝠种群的影响提供科学依据。

关键词: 蝙蝠, 引水渠隧道, 冬眠, 马铁菊头蝠

Abstract: Hibernation plays a vital role in the reproductive success and sustainability of bat populations. Prior studies have recognized the artificial channel tunnels in Jiyuan, Henan, as important hibernation habitats for bats, with annual increases in hibernating populations and variations in hibernation patterns. Nonetheless, the extent of dynamic fluctuations in species composition and individual numbers of hibernating bats during hibernation remains uncertain. To address this, we conducted four surveys assessing the population dynamics of hibernating bats in this region from November 2023 to February 2024. Although historical data indicated a consistent upward trend in hibernating populations, our monitoring from 2023 to 2024 revealed no significant increase in the overall population. Notably, there was a shift in species composition: Murina aurata was absent, while Rhinolophus episcopus was newly recorded. The proportion of bat numbers among different bat species showed minimal fluctuation, with R. nippon remaining the predominant species, followed by R. pusillus. The population demonstrated consistent fluctuations during the hibernation period, with overall numbers remaining stable in November and December, peaking in January, and reaching their lowest point in February. Spatially, the proportion of hibernating individuals in areas with low-temperature fluctuations, located less than 30 meters from the cave entrance, decreased from a historical 20. 0% to 7. 8%. The hibernating population of R. pusillus demonstrated considerable variability, indicating a preference for warmer areas. Notably, the extreme cold wave events from December 2023 to February 2024 exacerbated microclimate fluctuations at the cave entrance, prompting spatial redistribution and adjustments in the population dynamics of hibernating bats. Our subsequent investigations revealed that numbers of hibernating bats undergo dynamic changes, with both population size and habitat selection during hibernation may be influenced by changes in external environmental conditions. These findings enhance the ecological understanding of bat hibernation in China and provide scientific evidence on the impact of extreme environmental conditions on hibernating bat populations.

Key words: Bats, Canal tunnels, Hibernation, Rhinolophus nippon

中图分类号:

Q958.1

孙阳光, 满余存, 吴响迪, 温伟娜, 李亚鑫, 孙创霓, 段欣, 郭东革, 刘森. 河南济源人工引水渠隧道冬眠蝙蝠种群动态变化研究[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(2): 203-208.

SUN Yangguang, MAN Yucun, WU Xiangdi, WEN Weina, LI Yaxin, SUN Chuangni, DUAN Xin, GUO Dongge, LIU Sen. Investigation of the dynamic changes in hibernating bat populations in the tunnels of an artificial canal in Jiyuan, Henan Province[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(2): 203-208.

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