兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 379-389.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151031

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

短期局部公路修建工程影响下马鹿藏南亚种潜在适宜生境分布区变化

李沁芳1, 魏楷丽2, 张明海1, 索朗坚参null3, 周良俊4, 梁晓平1, 王琳1, 王彬影5, 殷长潇1, 张玮琪1()   

  1. 1.东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨 150040
    2.廊坊市自然资源和规划局,廊坊 065099
    3.西藏桑日县林业和草原局,桑日 856205
    4.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083
    5.大连艺术学院,大连 116120
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-28 接受日期:2025-04-15 出版日期:2026-05-30 发布日期:2026-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 张玮琪
  • 作者简介:李沁芳(1997- ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事野生动物营养与生态学研究.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32071512);国家自然科学基金(31500328);黑龙江省自然科学基金(QC2017011);中国博士后科学基金(2016M601400);中央高校基本科研项目(2572020BE02);黑龙江省博士后启动金世界银行GEF东北虎项目

Changes in potential suitable habitat distribution of Cervus elaphus wallichii affected by short-term local highway construction projects

Qinfang LI1, Kaili WEI2, Minghai ZHANG1, Suolangjiancan3, Liangjun ZHOU4, Xiaoping LIANG1, Lin WANG1, Binying WANG5, Changxiao YIN1, Weiqi ZHANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
    2.Langfang Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Langfang 065099, China
    3.Xizang Sangri Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Sangri 856205, China
    4.School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
    5.Dalian Art College, Dalian 116120, China
  • Received:2024-11-28 Accepted:2025-04-15 Online:2026-05-30 Published:2026-06-04
  • Contact: Weiqi ZHANG

摘要:

乡镇周边公路修建的本质是城市与自然双复杂系统的互相渗透,这种干扰通常会对分布的野生动物造成一定影响。本研究分别于2021年和2023年两年草枯期,利用优化的最大熵模型,对西藏自治区山南市桑日县增期乡一条新路修建前后马鹿藏南亚种(Cervus elaphus wallichii)的潜在适宜栖息地分布进行预测。研究结果显示道路和气候变化是影响马鹿藏南亚种栖息地适宜性的主要环境因子,新路修建后气候和道路的累计贡献率分别达29.5%和47.6%,当气温介于-7 ℃和-9 ~ -11 ℃之间、海拔约3 900 m且靠近河流的区域马鹿藏南亚种的出现概率最高,适宜区主要集中在增期乡中部的公路以及附近山脉,新路修建后,适宜区面积较新路修建前增加了0.83%,适宜生境质心整体向东偏移,但潜在适宜分布区于道路总体无明显变化,马鹿藏南亚种种群并未体现出对道路明显的回避。本研究表明,短期公路修建对增期乡地区马鹿藏南亚种适宜分布区面积并未造成显著影响,但长期影响的监测需持续进行。

关键词: 马鹿藏南亚种, 新路修建, 最大熵模型, 环境因子, 栖息地适宜性

Abstract:

The construction of roads around towns and villages lies in the mutual infiltration between urban and natural complex systems, often impacting the distribution of wild animals. This study employed the optimized maximum entropy model to predict the potential suitable habitat distribution of Tibetan red deer (Cervus elaphus wallichii) both before and after the construction of a new road in Zengqi Township, Sangri County, Shannan City, Xizang Autonomous Region, during the two lean seasons in 2021 and 2023. The findings reveal that road infrastructure and climate change are the primary environmental factors influencing the suitability of Tibetan red deer’s habitat. Following the construction of the new road, the cumulative contribution rates of climate and road infrastructure reached 29.5% and 47.6%, respectively. The area with temperatures ranging between -7 ℃ and -9 ℃ to -11 ℃, an altitude of approximately 3 900 m, and proximity to rivers exhibits the highest probability of Tibetan red deer occurrence. The suitable habitats are primarily concentrated along the road to the north of Zengqi Township and in the nearby mountains. After the construction of the new road, the area of suitable habitats expanded by 0.83% compared to pre-construction. The center of suitable habitats shifted eastward overall, yet the potential suitable distribution area remained largely unchanged along the road, indicating no evident avoidance behavior by the Tibetan red deer population. This study demonstrates that short-term highway construction has not significantly impacted the suitable distribution area of Tibetan red deer in Zengqi Township; however, ongoing monitoring for long-term impacts is necessary.

Key words: Cervus elaphus wallichii, The construction of a new road, Maximum entropy model, Environmental factors, Habitat suitability

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