Abstract: Mammal population ecology is key component of model ecology. Charles Sutherland Elton's 1924 article on periodic fluctuations in animal populations marked the beginning of modern population ecological research. What factors regulate population fluctuation has always puzzled ecologists and many hypotheses were put forward to explain mechanism underlying population fluctuation, but there is no one hypothesis that can perfectly explain its mechanism. The study of mammal population ecology in China began in the 1950s, and has gone through 70 years of development, and has made some important achievements. In this paper, we summarize research findings and progress in rodent and other mammal populations during the past 70 years on various aspects, including pattern of population dynamics, changes in demography, effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and interaction of those factors. Meanwhile, future research directions are suggested.

Key words: Rodent, Mammals, Population number, Population regulation

摘要： 兽类种群生态学是现代生态学的核心研究内容。Charles Sutherland Elton在20世纪20年代发现小哺乳动物种群波动现象，标志着现代种群生态学研究的开始。什么因素调节种群波动的问题一直是现代种群生态学领域的研究热点。我国兽类种群生态学研究始于20世纪50年代，迄今，已走过了70年的发展历程，并取得了重要成果。本综述基于20世纪50年代以来我国学者在主流中文期刊及科学引文索引（Science Citation Index，简称SCI）刊物发表的历史文献，分别从种群波动格局、种群统计参数变化、种群内部和外部调节等不同层面评述了我国在鼠类和大型兽类种群生态学的研究历程及现状，同时探讨了未来的研究方向。

关键词: 鼠类, 兽类, 种群数量, 种群调节