Bird and mammal diversity inventory by camera trapping in the Neixiang Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan Province

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150633

Abstract

Abstract:

We conducted a 3-year survey for large and medium-sized mammals and ground-dwelling birds using infrared cameras from April 2015 to September 2018 in the Neixiang Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan province. Based on 12 040 independent images and 37 923 effective camera days from 62 camera traps sites, we identified 54 species belonging to 12 orders and 26 families, including 35 bird species belonging to 6 orders and 12 families and 19 mammal species belonging to 6 orders and 14 families. Turdus rubrocanus, Pomatorhinus hypoleucos, and Latoucheornis siemsseni were newly recorded in the reserve. Among the recorded species, Moschus berezovskii and Aquila chrysaeto are listed as Class Ⅰ National Protected Species, and 13 species as Class Ⅱ national protected animals, e.g. Prionailurus bengalensis, Martes flavigula, Macaca mulatta, Naemorhedus griseus. According to the IUCN Red List, M. berezovskii is listed as endangered, N. griseus as vulnerable, and Arctonyx collaris as near endangered. Based on the Red List of China’s Vertebrates, M. berezovskii is classified as critically endangered, four species are listed as vulnerable and ten species as near endangered. The top three mammals with the highest relative abundance index and site occupancies were Sus scrofa, Hystrix hodgsoni, and A. collaris. The birds with higher relative abundance index and site occupancies were Pucrasia macrolopha and Chrysolophus pictus. Moreover, human activities and livestock grazing were the main disturbance in the reserve. We obtained for the first time images of captured macaques kept for ecotourism. The study provides baseline information for long-term monitoring and research of wildlife and biodiversity management and conservation of the reserve.

Key words: Neixiang Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Camera traps, Biodiversity, Protection and management

摘要：

为促进河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区野生动物资源保护与管理，本研究于2015年4月—2018年9月，利用红外相机技术对区内陆生大中型兽类和地面活动鸟类进行了连续3年的调查。本次调查涉及62个红外相机位点，累积工作37 923个有效相机日，共获得12 040张独立有效照片，识别到动物12目26科54种，其中鸟类6目12科35种，兽类6目14科19种。灰头鸫 (Turdus rubrocanus)、斑胸钩嘴鹛 (Pomatorhinus hypoleucos) 和蓝鹀 (Latoucheornis siemsseni) 为保护区新记录物种。保护区内有林麝 (Moschus berezovskii) 和金雕 (Aquila chrysaeto) 2种国家一级重点保护野生动物，豹猫 (Prionailurus bengalensis)、黄喉貂 (Martes flavigula)、猕猴 (Macaca mulatta)、中华斑羚 (Naemorhedus griseus) 等13种国家二级重点保护野生动物；IUCN红色名录收录濒危物种 (EN) 有林麝1种，易危物种 (VU) 有中华斑羚 (Naemorhedus griseus) 1种，近危物种 (NT) 有猪獾 (Arctonyx collaris) 1种。中国脊椎动物红色名录极危物种 (CR) 有林麝1种，易危物种 (VU) 4种，近危物种 (NT) 10种。兽类中，野猪 (Sus scrofa)、中国豪猪 (Hystrix hodgsoni) 和猪獾的相对多度指数和位点占有率均占据前三位；鸟类中，勺鸡 (Pucrasia macrolopha) 和红腹锦鸡 (Chrysolophus pictus) 的相对多度指数和位点占有率均较高。此外，人类活动和家畜放牧是内乡宝天曼保护区的主要人为干扰，同时发现生态旅游所圈养的猕猴发生逃逸，首次获得其在保护区内活动的图像记录。本研究完善了内乡宝天曼保护区野生动物资源本底资料，为野生动物长期监测研究和自然保护区管理提供了参考数据。

关键词: 河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区, 红外相机, 生物多样性, 保护管理

CLC Number:

Q958.12

Qinghao ZHANG, Song YAO, Kai XU, Tong LIU, Wenhong XIAO, Bingyong BAI, Xiaoqun HUANG, Zhishu XIAO. Bird and mammal diversity inventory by camera trapping in the Neixiang Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan Province[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 43(2): 206-214.

张清浩, 姚松, 徐恺, 刘统, 肖文宏, 白兵勇, 黄小群, 肖治术. 基于红外相机技术对河南内乡宝天曼国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性的调查[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(2): 206-214.

Figures/Tables 4

References 0

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物种 Species	国家保护等级 National Protected Category	IUCN红色名录 IUCN Red List	中国脊椎动物红色名录 Red List of China’s Vertebrates	相对多度指数 Relative abundance index	位点占有率 Site occupancy（%）
哺乳纲 MAMMALIA
食肉目 CARNIVORA
灵猫科 Viverridae
花面狸 Paguma larvata		LC	NT	1.640	67.74
猫科 Felidae
豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	二级	LC	VU	0.198	30.65
犬科 Canidae
貉 Nyctereutes procyonoides		LC	NT	0.019	3.23
鼬科 Mustelidae
黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	二级	LC	NT	0.003	1.61
黄鼬 Mustela sibirica		LC	LC	0.253	35.48
猪獾 Arctonyx collaris		NT	NT	3.059	83.87
灵长目 PRIMATES
猴科 Cercopithecidae
猕猴 Macaca mulatta	二级	LC	LC	0.029	12.90
鲸偶蹄目 CETARTIODACTYLA
鹿科 Cervidae
狍 Capreolus pygargus		LC	NT	0.480	20.97
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi		LC	VU	2.289	75.81
牛科 Bovidae
中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus	二级	VU	VU	0.620	67.74
麝科 Moschidae
林麝 Moschus berezovskii	一级	EN	CR	0.338	51.61
猪科 Suidae
野猪 Sus scrofa		LC	LC	9.113	100
兔形目 LAGOMORPHA
兔科 Leporidae
蒙古兔 Lepus tolai		LC	LC	0.865	54.84
啮齿目 RODENTIA
豪猪科 Hystricidae
中国豪猪 Hystrix hodgsoni			LC	3.083	83.87
鼠科 Muridae
北社鼠 Niviventer confucianus		LC	LC	0.032	3.23
松鼠科 Sciuridae
赤腹松鼠 Callosciurus erythraeus		LC	LC	0.398	38.71
岩松鼠 Sciurotamias davidianus		LC	LC	2.753	64.52
隐纹花松鼠 Tamiops swinhoei		LC	LC	0.016	3.23
猬形目 ERINACEOMORPHA
猬科 Erinaceidae
东北刺猬 Erinaceus amurensis		LC	LC	0.224	24.19
鸟纲 AVES
形目 PICIFORMES
啄木鸟科 Picidae
大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major		LC	LC	0.008	4.84
大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major		LC	LC	0.040	14.52
灰头绿啄木鸟 Picus canus		LC	LC	0.040	14.52
鸽形目 COLUMBIFORMES
鸠鸽科 Columbidae
山斑鸠 Streptopelia orientalis		LC	LC	0.005	3.23
鸡形目 GALLIFORMES
雉科 Phasianidae
红腹锦鸡 Chrysolophus pictus	二级	LC	NT	0.680	38.71
环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus		LC	LC	0.005	3.23
勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	二级	LC	LC	0.902	62.90
雀形目 PASSERIFORMES
科 Sittidae
普通䴓 Sitta europaea		LC	LC	0.021	4.84
鸫科 Turdidae
白冠燕尾 Enicurus leschenaulti		LC		0.003	1.61
白眉地鸫 Zoothera sibirica		LC	LC	0.005	3.23
斑鸫 Turdus naumanni		LC	LC	0.166	17.74
宝兴歌鸫 Turdus mupinensis		LC	LC	0.008	4.84
红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus		LC	LC	0.008	3.23
虎斑地鸫 Zoothera dauma		LC	LC	0.063	16.13
灰翅鸫 Turdus boulboul		LC	LC	0.011	3.23
灰头鸫 Turdus rubrocanus		LC	LC	0.016	6.45
紫啸鸫 Myophonus caeruleus		LC	LC	0.090	9.68
画眉科 Timaliidae
斑胸钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus hypoleucos		LC	LC	0.003	1.61
橙翅噪鹛 Garrulax elliotii	二级	LC	LC	0.005	1.61
黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis		LC	LC	0.016	4.84
画眉 Garrulax canorus	二级	LC	NT	0.003	1.61
棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus hypoleucos		LC	LC	0.005	1.61
山雀科 Paridae
大山雀 Parus major		LC	LC	0.019	6.45
黄腹山雀 Parus venustulus		LC	LC	0.008	3.23
鹀科 Emberizidae
蓝鹀 Latoucheornis siemsseni	二级	LC	LC	0.005	1.61
鸦科 Corvidae
大嘴乌鸦 Corvus macrorhynchos		LC	LC	0.227	38.71
发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus		LC	LC	0.011	4.84
红嘴蓝鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha		LC	LC	0.061	20.97
松鸦 Pica glandarius		LC	LC	0.132	30.65
燕雀科 Fringillidae
黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata		LC	NT	0.005	1.61
燕雀 Fringilla montifringilla		LC	LC	0.013	4.84
隼形目 FALCONIFORMES
鹰科 Accipitridae
赤腹鹰 Accipiter soloensis	二级	LC	LC	0.016	1.61
凤头蜂鹰 Pernis ptilorhynchus	二级	LC	NT	0.003	1.61
金雕 Aquila chrysaetos	一级	LC	VU	0.003	1.61
松雀鹰 Accipiter virgatus	二级	LC	LC	0.095	11.29
鸮形目 STRIGIFORMES
鸱鸮科 Strigidae
灰林鸮 Strix aluco	二级	LC	NT	0.042	8.06
其他 Others
人 Homo sapiens				0.667	96.77
家狗 Canis lupus familiaris				0.079	30.65
家猫 Felis catus				0.016	6.45
家牛 Bos taurus				0.016	6.45
家羊 Capra aegagrus hircus				0.327	20.97

物种 Species	国家保护等级 National Protected Category	IUCN红色名录 IUCN Red List	中国脊椎动物红色名录 Red List of China’s Vertebrates	相对多度指数 Relative abundance index	位点占有率 Site occupancy（%）
哺乳纲 MAMMALIA
食肉目 CARNIVORA
灵猫科 Viverridae
花面狸 Paguma larvata		LC	NT	1.640	67.74
猫科 Felidae
豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis	二级	LC	VU	0.198	30.65
犬科 Canidae
貉 Nyctereutes procyonoides		LC	NT	0.019	3.23
鼬科 Mustelidae
黄喉貂 Martes flavigula	二级	LC	NT	0.003	1.61
黄鼬 Mustela sibirica		LC	LC	0.253	35.48
猪獾 Arctonyx collaris		NT	NT	3.059	83.87
灵长目 PRIMATES
猴科 Cercopithecidae
猕猴 Macaca mulatta	二级	LC	LC	0.029	12.90
鲸偶蹄目 CETARTIODACTYLA
鹿科 Cervidae
狍 Capreolus pygargus		LC	NT	0.480	20.97
小麂 Muntiacus reevesi		LC	VU	2.289	75.81
牛科 Bovidae
中华斑羚 Naemorhedus griseus	二级	VU	VU	0.620	67.74
麝科 Moschidae
林麝 Moschus berezovskii	一级	EN	CR	0.338	51.61
猪科 Suidae
野猪 Sus scrofa		LC	LC	9.113	100
兔形目 LAGOMORPHA
兔科 Leporidae
蒙古兔 Lepus tolai		LC	LC	0.865	54.84
啮齿目 RODENTIA
豪猪科 Hystricidae
中国豪猪 Hystrix hodgsoni			LC	3.083	83.87
鼠科 Muridae
北社鼠 Niviventer confucianus		LC	LC	0.032	3.23
松鼠科 Sciuridae
赤腹松鼠 Callosciurus erythraeus		LC	LC	0.398	38.71
岩松鼠 Sciurotamias davidianus		LC	LC	2.753	64.52
隐纹花松鼠 Tamiops swinhoei		LC	LC	0.016	3.23
猬形目 ERINACEOMORPHA
猬科 Erinaceidae
东北刺猬 Erinaceus amurensis		LC	LC	0.224	24.19
鸟纲 AVES
形目 PICIFORMES
啄木鸟科 Picidae
大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major		LC	LC	0.008	4.84
大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major		LC	LC	0.040	14.52
灰头绿啄木鸟 Picus canus		LC	LC	0.040	14.52
鸽形目 COLUMBIFORMES
鸠鸽科 Columbidae
山斑鸠 Streptopelia orientalis		LC	LC	0.005	3.23
鸡形目 GALLIFORMES
雉科 Phasianidae
红腹锦鸡 Chrysolophus pictus	二级	LC	NT	0.680	38.71
环颈雉 Phasianus colchicus		LC	LC	0.005	3.23
勺鸡 Pucrasia macrolopha	二级	LC	LC	0.902	62.90
雀形目 PASSERIFORMES
科 Sittidae
普通䴓 Sitta europaea		LC	LC	0.021	4.84
鸫科 Turdidae
白冠燕尾 Enicurus leschenaulti		LC		0.003	1.61
白眉地鸫 Zoothera sibirica		LC	LC	0.005	3.23
斑鸫 Turdus naumanni		LC	LC	0.166	17.74
宝兴歌鸫 Turdus mupinensis		LC	LC	0.008	4.84
红胁蓝尾鸲 Tarsiger cyanurus		LC	LC	0.008	3.23
虎斑地鸫 Zoothera dauma		LC	LC	0.063	16.13
灰翅鸫 Turdus boulboul		LC	LC	0.011	3.23
灰头鸫 Turdus rubrocanus		LC	LC	0.016	6.45
紫啸鸫 Myophonus caeruleus		LC	LC	0.090	9.68
画眉科 Timaliidae
斑胸钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus hypoleucos		LC	LC	0.003	1.61
橙翅噪鹛 Garrulax elliotii	二级	LC	LC	0.005	1.61
黑领噪鹛 Garrulax pectoralis		LC	LC	0.016	4.84
画眉 Garrulax canorus	二级	LC	NT	0.003	1.61
棕颈钩嘴鹛 Pomatorhinus hypoleucos		LC	LC	0.005	1.61
山雀科 Paridae
大山雀 Parus major		LC	LC	0.019	6.45
黄腹山雀 Parus venustulus		LC	LC	0.008	3.23
鹀科 Emberizidae
蓝鹀 Latoucheornis siemsseni	二级	LC	LC	0.005	1.61
鸦科 Corvidae
大嘴乌鸦 Corvus macrorhynchos		LC	LC	0.227	38.71
发冠卷尾 Dicrurus hottentottus		LC	LC	0.011	4.84
红嘴蓝鹊 Urocissa erythrorhyncha		LC	LC	0.061	20.97
松鸦 Pica glandarius		LC	LC	0.132	30.65
燕雀科 Fringillidae
黑头蜡嘴雀 Eophona personata		LC	NT	0.005	1.61
燕雀 Fringilla montifringilla		LC	LC	0.013	4.84
隼形目 FALCONIFORMES
鹰科 Accipitridae
赤腹鹰 Accipiter soloensis	二级	LC	LC	0.016	1.61
凤头蜂鹰 Pernis ptilorhynchus	二级	LC	NT	0.003	1.61
金雕 Aquila chrysaetos	一级	LC	VU	0.003	1.61
松雀鹰 Accipiter virgatus	二级	LC	LC	0.095	11.29
鸮形目 STRIGIFORMES
鸱鸮科 Strigidae
灰林鸮 Strix aluco	二级	LC	NT	0.042	8.06
其他 Others
人 Homo sapiens				0.667	96.77
家狗 Canis lupus familiaris				0.079	30.65
家猫 Felis catus				0.016	6.45
家牛 Bos taurus				0.016	6.45
家羊 Capra aegagrus hircus				0.327	20.97

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[3]	HAN Keguo, LI Kai, SUN Jing, RAO Jingqiu, ZHOU Jia, YANG Yun, CUI Liangwei, GUAN Zhenhua. Diversity of birds and mammals in Laojunshan region, Wenshan National Nature Reserve based on infrared cameras [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 43(1): 89-101.
[4]	LIU Mingxing, REN Baoping, CHEN Xing, JIN Guixiang, LENG Zhicheng, YANG Kong, GUAN Tianpei. Preliminary report on ungulate diversity and spatial distributions in Baihe National Nature Reserve and its surrounding areas, Sichuan [J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 42(3): 250-260.
[5]	CHEN Xing, HU Xixi, LIU Mingxing, LI Jiaqi, PENG Yonghong, Lü Xu, WANG Xiaofang, LI Sheng, GUAN Tianpei . Preliminary report of camera trapping survey for mammals and birds in Miyaluo Provincial Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province [J]. ACTA Theriologica Sinica, 2020, 40(6): 634-645.
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[10]	HU Xixi, LI Jiaqi, LUO Xu, Zewengtaxu, CHEN Xing, ZHANG Lushui, GUAN Tianpei. Preliminary survey of mammal and bird biodiversity using camera traps in the Yading National Nature Reserve of Sichuan Province, China [J]. ACTA Theriologica Sinica, 2019, 39(3): 333-343.
[11]	PAN Dan, WU Bingxian, ZHANG Bing, CUI Shan, ZHANG Zhiqiang, HU Xinhua, YANG Daode. Preliminary survey on mammal and bird resources using camera traps in Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Site, Hunan Province, China [J]. ACTA Theriologica Sinica, 2019, 39(2): 209-217.
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