Abstract: Wildlife resources are a vital part of biodiversity and their composition and structure directly relate to the function of the ecosystem. Investigating the current situation of wildlife supports biodiversity conservation and management. To further comprehend the diversity of birds and mammals in Mt. Laojun, Wenshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, we deployed 73 camera monitoring sites from August 2019 to March 2020 to observe the activity rhythm of common species and their relationship with humans and livestock. After adjusting for lost, damaged, and invalid cameras, we detected a total of 62 species of birds and mammals at 59 camera sites, including 21 species of mammals in 17 genera, 11 families, and five orders, and 41 species of birds in 31 genera, 14 families, and five orders. This list included 12 National Level Ⅱ Key protected mammals, including the Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis), stumptailed macaque (M. arctoides), spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor), Lady Amherst's pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), rusty-naped pitta (Pitta oatesi) and so on. Among these 12 species, four were distributed only in the core zone and two are endemic to China, namely Forrest's rock squirrel (Rupestes forresti) and red and white giant flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus). Ultimately, we added new records for four species of mammals and 17 species of birds. Among birds, the species with the highest relative abundance index were the rufous-throated partridge (Arborophila rufogularis) and silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera). Among mammals, the species with the highest relative abundance index were the red-hipped squirrel (Dremomys pyrrhomerus) and Forrest's rock squirrel. There were significant differences in activity rhythm between the rufous-throated partridge and silver pheasant, and between the red-hipped squirrel and Forrest's rock squirrel. There was also a significant differentiation between human daytime activity and the activity time of silver pheasant and the red-hipped squirrel. The results showed that the activity rhythm of terrestrial birds and animals was affected not only by the activities of species in the same region with similar niches, but also by human activities.

Key words: Wenshan National Nature Reserve, Camera traps, Relative abundance index, Activity rhythm

摘要： 为进一步查清云南省文山国家级自然保护区老君山片区地栖鸟兽多样性、常见物种活动节律及其与人畜活动的关系，2019年8月—2020年3月分两次在老君山片区布设73个红外相机监测位点，除丢失损坏及无效相机外，59个相机位点共调查到鸟兽62种，其中兽类5目11科17属21种，鸟类5目14科31属41种。国家二级重点保护野生动物有熊猴(Macaca assamensis)、红面猴(Macaca arctoides)、斑林狸(Prionodon pardicolor)、白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)、栗头八色鸫(Pitta oatesi)等12种，其中有4种仅在核心区分布；中国特有哺乳动物2种：侧纹岩松鼠(Rupestes forresti)和红白鼯鼠(Petaurista alborufus)。新增兽类记录4种，鸟类记录17种。鸟类中相对多度指数较高的种类为红喉山鹧鸪(Arborophila rufogularis)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)，兽类为红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)和侧纹岩松鼠。生态位相似的红喉山鹧鸪和白鹇之间、红腿长吻松鼠和侧纹岩松鼠之间活动节律均存在显著差异；人类日间活动与白鹇、红腿长吻松鼠活动时间也存在显著分化。结果表明，地栖性鸟兽活动节律既受同域分布且生态位相似物种活动的影响，也受人类活动的影响。

关键词: 文山国家级自然保护区, 红外相机, 相对多度指数, 活动节律