Camera-trapping survey on large and medium-sized mammal diversity in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150611

Abstract

Abstract:

Regional species diversity monitoring and assessment are an important basis for the design of conservation and management strategies. To assess the status of large and medium-sized mammal diversity in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains, a baseline survey using infrared camera traps was conducted in Sichuan Yele Provincial Nature Reserve (YLPNR), Sichuan Liziping National Nature Reserve (LZPNNR), and their adjacent areas from January 2018 to November 2020. In total, 86 grids (1 km × 1 km each) were selected for monitoring according to habitat type and landform features, with one camera placed in each grid. A total of 19 982 camera-days of data, including 3 304 independent photos, were collected, and 18 mammal species belonging to 4 orders and 12 families were identified. Among them, 3 species are listed as first-class National Key Protected wildlife (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Moschus berezovskii and Catopuma temminckii), and 10 species are listed as second-class National Key Protected Wildlife, including Ursus thibetanus, Ailurus styani, and Rusa unicolor. Rusa unicolor is a new record in this area. The five species with the highest relative abundance index are Elaphodus cephalophus, Capricornis milneedwardsii, Sus scrofa, Martes flavigula and Arctonyx collaris. Due to differences in area size and altitudinal range, there are some differences in the composition and relative abundance of large and medium?sized mammals between YLPNR and LZPNNR. In addition, grazing is the main human disturbance in the two reserves of the Xiaoxiangling Mountains. We suggest that the nature reserve authorities should strengthen management to minimize the impact of grazing on wildlife.

Key words: Xiaoxiangling Mountains, Large and medium-sized mammal, Relative abundance index (RAI), Camera trap, Human disturbance

摘要：

区域的物种多样性监测和评估是制定保护和管理策略的重要基础。为评估小相岭山系大中型兽类多样性现状，于2018年1月至2020年11月，以区域内最具代表性的四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区和四川冶勒省级自然保护区为主要研究区域，采用红外相机公里网格陷阱法进行了调查 (n = 86台)。累计完成19 982个相机工作日，获得大中型兽类独立有效照片3 304张，共记录大中型野生兽类18种，隶属于4目12科。其中，国家一级重点保护野生动物有大熊猫 (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、林麝 (Moschus berezovskii) 和金猫 (Catopuma temminckii)；国家二级重点保护野生动物有亚洲黑熊 (Ursus thibetanus)、中华小熊猫 (Ailurus styani)、水鹿 (Rusa unicolor) 等10种，且水鹿为该区域的新分布记录。相对多度指数排名前五的种类分别是毛冠鹿 (Elaphodus cephalophus)、中华鬣羚 (Capricornis milneedwardsii)、野猪 (Sus scrofa)、黄喉貂 (Martes flavigula) 和猪獾 (Arctonyx collaris)。由于面积大小、海拔范围的不同，两个保护区在大中型兽类组成和相对多度方面存在一定的差异。放牧是小相岭山系两个自然保护区最主要的人为干扰。本调查为小相岭山系保护区大中型兽类及人为活动状况提供了基础数据，有助于保护区后续的保护和管理。

关键词: 小相岭山系, 大中型兽类, 相对多度指数, 相机陷阱, 人为干扰

CLC Number:

Q958.5

Hong CHEN, Shengnan JI, Kan ZHANG, Dayong WANG, Jie HU, Yanhong LI. Camera-trapping survey on large and medium-sized mammal diversity in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 42(4): 461-470.

陈红, 吉晟男, 张勘, 王大勇, 胡杰, 李艳红. 小相岭山系大中型兽类多样性的红外相机调查[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(4): 461-470.

Figures/Tables 5

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	附录1　小相岭山系红外相机拍摄的部分大中型兽类照片 Appendix 1　Camera‑trapping photographs of some large and medium‑sized mammal species in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains

物种 Species	保护级别 Protection class	中国脊椎动物红色名录 China Vertebrate Red List	IUCN红色名录 IUCN Red List	独立有效照片 No.of independent effective photos	位点数及比例 No. of stations with animals（%）	相对多度指数Relative abundance index（RAI）
灵长目PRIMATES
猴科Cercopithecidae
藏酋猴 Macaca thibetana*	二级	VU	NT	125	20 （23.26）	0.625 6
食肉目CARNIVORA
犬科Canidae
貉Nyctereutes procyonoides	二级	NT	LC	2	1 （1.16）	0.010 0
赤狐 Vulpes vulpes	二级	NT	LC	103	23 （26.74）	0.515 5
熊科Ursidae
亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus	二级	VU	VU	18	13 （15.12）	0.090 1
大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca*	一级	VU	VU	10	10 （11.63）	0.050 0
小熊猫科Ailuridae
中华小熊猫Ailurus styani	二级	VU	EN	44	21 （24.42）	0.220 2
鼬科Mustelidae
猪獾Arctonyx collaris		NT	LC	129	24 （27.91）	0.645 6
亚洲狗獾Meles leucurus		LC	LC	18	4 （4.65）	0.090 1
黄喉貂Martes flavigula	二级	VU	LC	133	32 （37.21）	0.665 6
灵猫科Viverridae
花面狸Paguma larvata		NT	LC	18	11 （12.79）	0.090 1
猫科Felidae
豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis	二级	VU	LC	33	16 （18.61）	0.165 2
金猫Catopuma temminckii	一级	EN	NT	1	1 （1.16）	0.005 0
鲸偶蹄目 CETARTIODACTYLA
麝科Moschidae
林麝 Moschus berezovskii	一级	CR	EN	51	13 （15.12）	0.255 2
鹿科Cervidae
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	二级	NT	NT	1 266	72 （83.72）	6.335 7
水鹿Rusa unicolor	二级	NT	VU	2	2 （2.33）	0.010 0
猪科Suidae
野猪Sus scrofa		LC	LC	135	44 （51.16）	0.675 6
牛科Bovidae
中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	二级	VU	VU	169	37 （43.02）	0.845 8
啮齿目RODENTIA
豪猪科Hystricidae
马来豪猪Hystrix brachyura		LC	未列入	118	35 （40.70）	0.590 5

物种 Species	保护级别 Protection class	中国脊椎动物红色名录 China Vertebrate Red List	IUCN红色名录 IUCN Red List	独立有效照片 No.of independent effective photos	位点数及比例 No. of stations with animals（%）	相对多度指数Relative abundance index（RAI）
灵长目PRIMATES
猴科Cercopithecidae
藏酋猴 Macaca thibetana*	二级	VU	NT	125	20 （23.26）	0.625 6
食肉目CARNIVORA
犬科Canidae
貉Nyctereutes procyonoides	二级	NT	LC	2	1 （1.16）	0.010 0
赤狐 Vulpes vulpes	二级	NT	LC	103	23 （26.74）	0.515 5
熊科Ursidae
亚洲黑熊 Ursus thibetanus	二级	VU	VU	18	13 （15.12）	0.090 1
大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca*	一级	VU	VU	10	10 （11.63）	0.050 0
小熊猫科Ailuridae
中华小熊猫Ailurus styani	二级	VU	EN	44	21 （24.42）	0.220 2
鼬科Mustelidae
猪獾Arctonyx collaris		NT	LC	129	24 （27.91）	0.645 6
亚洲狗獾Meles leucurus		LC	LC	18	4 （4.65）	0.090 1
黄喉貂Martes flavigula	二级	VU	LC	133	32 （37.21）	0.665 6
灵猫科Viverridae
花面狸Paguma larvata		NT	LC	18	11 （12.79）	0.090 1
猫科Felidae
豹猫Prionailurus bengalensis	二级	VU	LC	33	16 （18.61）	0.165 2
金猫Catopuma temminckii	一级	EN	NT	1	1 （1.16）	0.005 0
鲸偶蹄目 CETARTIODACTYLA
麝科Moschidae
林麝 Moschus berezovskii	一级	CR	EN	51	13 （15.12）	0.255 2
鹿科Cervidae
毛冠鹿 Elaphodus cephalophus	二级	NT	NT	1 266	72 （83.72）	6.335 7
水鹿Rusa unicolor	二级	NT	VU	2	2 （2.33）	0.010 0
猪科Suidae
野猪Sus scrofa		LC	LC	135	44 （51.16）	0.675 6
牛科Bovidae
中华鬣羚 Capricornis milneedwardsii	二级	VU	VU	169	37 （43.02）	0.845 8
啮齿目RODENTIA
豪猪科Hystricidae
马来豪猪Hystrix brachyura		LC	未列入	118	35 （40.70）	0.590 5

区域 Range		相机位点数 No. of CT stations	人为活动 Human activity			家畜活动 Livestock activity
区域 Range		相机位点数 No. of CT stations	独立有效照片 Independent effective photos	相对多度 RAI	位点数（比例） No. of CT stations（ratio %）	独立有效照片 Independent effective photos	相对多度 RAI	位点数（比例） No. of CT stations（ratio %）
保护区 Reserve	核心区 Core zone	35	8	0.039 7	6 （17.14）	149	0.740 1	12 （34.29）
	缓冲区 Buffer zone	9	0	0	0	30	0.149 0	4 （44.44）
	实验区 Experimental zone	36	34	0.168 9	9 （25.00）	608	3.020 1	20 （55.56）
保护区外 Outside of reserve		6	49	0.243 4	3 （50.00）	54	0.268 2	3 （50.00）
总计 Total		86	91	0.452 0	18 （20.93）	841	4.177 4	39 （45.35）

区域 Range		相机位点数 No. of CT stations	人为活动 Human activity			家畜活动 Livestock activity
区域 Range		相机位点数 No. of CT stations	独立有效照片 Independent effective photos	相对多度 RAI	位点数（比例） No. of CT stations（ratio %）	独立有效照片 Independent effective photos	相对多度 RAI	位点数（比例） No. of CT stations（ratio %）
保护区 Reserve	核心区 Core zone	35	8	0.039 7	6 （17.14）	149	0.740 1	12 （34.29）
	缓冲区 Buffer zone	9	0	0	0	30	0.149 0	4 （44.44）
	实验区 Experimental zone	36	34	0.168 9	9 （25.00）	608	3.020 1	20 （55.56）
保护区外 Outside of reserve		6	49	0.243 4	3 （50.00）	54	0.268 2	3 （50.00）
总计 Total		86	91	0.452 0	18 （20.93）	841	4.177 4	39 （45.35）

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