云岭自然保护区拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊的活动模式

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150444

兽类学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 136-143.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150444

云岭自然保护区拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊的活动模式

张永俊¹, 和育超^3,8, 赵娟钧³, 陈尧³, 李延鹏^1,6,7,8, 黄志旁^1,5,7,8, 崔亮伟^2,8, 肖文^1,4,5,6,7,8

1 大理大学东喜玛拉雅研究院, 大理 671003;
2 西南林业大学云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室, 昆明 650224;
3 兰坪云岭省级自然保护区管护局, 泸水 671400;
4 滇西北文化生态保护研究中心, 大理 671003;
5 国际生物多样性与灵长类保护中心, 大理 671003;
6 云南省高校洱海流域保护与可持续发展研究重点实验室, 大理 671003;
7 大理大学三江并流区域生物多样性保护与利用云南省创新团队, 大理 671003;
8 中国三江并流区域生物多样性协同创新中心, 大理 671003

收稿日期:2020-05-28 出版日期:2021-03-30 发布日期:2021-04-02
通讯作者: 李延鹏,E-mail:liyp@eastern-himalaya.cn;黄志旁,E-mail:huangzp@eastern-himalaya.cn
作者简介:张永俊(1997-),硕士研究生,主要从事鸟类和兽类的红外相机监测;和育超(1975-),主要从事野生动物保护与自然保护区管理.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31860164，31860168，31772474，31760126，31560118，31160422）；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察（2019QZKK0402）；物种多样性类遗产地监测保护示范（2016YFC0503304）；大理大学校级创新团队（ZKLX2019103）

Activity patterns of Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus) on the Mt.Lasha Yunling Nature Reserve

ZHANG Yongjun¹, HE Yuchao^3,8, ZHAO Juanjun³, CHEN Yao³, LI Yanpeng^1,6,7,8, HUANG Zhipang^1,5,7,8, CUI Liangwei^2,8, XIAO Wen^1,4,5,6,7,8

1 Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China;
2 Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Faculty of Biodiversity and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
3 Administration of Yunling Provincal Nature Reserve, Lanping County, Lushui 671400, China;
4 Center for Cultural Ecology in Northwest Yunnan, Dali 671003, China;
5 International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates Conservation, Dali 671003, China;
6 The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali 671003, China;
7 The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali 671003, China;
8 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China

Received:2020-05-28 Online:2021-03-30 Published:2021-04-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国西南山地是亚洲黑熊（Ursus thibetanus）的重要分布地，但是对该物种的活动模式研究很少。2017年7月—2019年8月，本研究以云南兰坪云岭省级自然保护区拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊为研究对象，按照250 m×250 m网格布设218台红外相机，累计有效拍摄日为36 175 d，共获得亚洲黑熊的独立照片（Independent Photograph，IP）77张。亚洲黑熊年节律为单峰型，主要活动在夏天雨季（5—10月），冬眠期为2—4月。日节律为晨昏活动类型，没有昼夜差异。拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊的主要活动海拔为3 100~3 400 m，没有垂直迁移。拉沙山亚洲黑熊活动区域主要植被类型是针阔混交林（50%），其次是常绿落阔叶混交林和针叶林（30%）。综合其他区域亚洲黑熊冬眠开始和持续时间，发现亚洲黑熊冬眠的开始时间和总时间存在纬度模式，高纬度区域冬眠开始时间早、持续时间长。研究结果在大尺度上揭示了亚洲黑熊的冬眠纬度模式，为该物种的保护管理提供参考。

关键词: 亚洲黑熊, 活动模式, 冬眠, 海拔

Abstract: The Mountains of Southwest China is an important distribution area of the Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus),but the activity pattern of this species is rarely studied.This study focused on Asiatic black bear.Total 218 Camera traps were set up a grid 250 m×250 m in Mt.Lasha area of Yunling Nature Reserve,Lanping,Yunnan,from July 2017 to August 2019.Our study lasted for 2 years,with 36 175 trapping days,the cumulative monitoring period averaged to 238±100.31 days and a total of 77 Independent photographs(IPs) obtained.The annual rhythm of Asiatic black bear is unimodal,mainly animals are active in the summer rainy season(May-October).The hibernation occurred from February to April,so the hibernation period is 3 months.Double activity peaks were found in daily activity rhythms,with no difference in day and night activities.The main elevation range of the activity is from 3 100 m to 3 400 m,and there is no obvious vertical migration.The main vegetation types are mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests(50%),followed by mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests(30%).Compared to the previous studies,we found that the hibernation pattern of Asiatic black bears was affected by its distribution latitude,the higher latitude that it distributed,the hibernation started earlier and lasted for a longer time.Our results reveal the hibernation pattern with latitude of Asiatic black bear on a large scale,and provide reference for conservation and management of this species.

Key words: Asiatic black bear, Activity pattern, Hibernation, Elevation

中图分类号:

Q958.1

张永俊, 和育超, 赵娟钧, 陈尧, 李延鹏, 黄志旁, 崔亮伟, 肖文. 云岭自然保护区拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊的活动模式[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(2): 136-143.

ZHANG Yongjun, HE Yuchao, ZHAO Juanjun, CHEN Yao, LI Yanpeng, HUANG Zhipang, CUI Liangwei, XIAO Wen. Activity patterns of Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus) on the Mt.Lasha Yunling Nature Reserve[J]. ACTA Theriologica Sinica, 2021, 41(2): 136-143.

参考文献

BalaAli A,Zhou Z,Waseem M,Khan M F,Ali I,Asad M,Qashqaei A T.2017.An assessment of food habits and altitudinal distribution of the Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus) in the Western Himalayas,Pakistan.Journal of Natural History,51:689-701.
Arimoto I,Goto Y,Nagai C,Furubayashi K.2011.Autumn food habits and home-range elevations of Japanese black bears in relation to hard mast production in the beech family in Toyama prefecture.Mammal Study,36:199-208.
Bista R,Aryal A.2013.Status of the Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus in the southeastern region of the Annapurna Conservation Area,Nepal.Zoology and Ecology,23:83-87.
Chen L J,Shu Z F,Xiao Z S.2019.Application of camera-trapping data to study daily activity patterns of Galliformes in Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve.Biodiversity Science,27(3),266-272.(in Chinese)
Chen M X,Wang X L,Mu L G,Jiang X L,Hu L,Wu L J,Wang C,Meng H L D,Bao W D.2019.Daily and seasonal activity rhythm of Capreolus pygargus in Inner Mongolia Saihanwula National Nature Reserve.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,38(2):214-219.(in Chinese)
Frey S,Fisher J T,Burton A C,Volpe J P.2017.Investigating animal activity patterns and temporal niche partitioning using camera-trap data:challenges and opportunities.Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation,3:123-132.
Hashimoto Y.2002.Seasonal food habits of the Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus) in the Chichibu Mountains,Japan.Mammal Study,27:65-72.
Hou W R,Chen Y,Wu X,Hu J C,Peng Z S,Yang J,Tang Z X,Zhou C Q,Li Y M,Yang S K.2007.A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Asian black bear Sichuan subspecies(Ursus thibetanus mupinensis).International Journal of Biological Sciences,3:85.
Huang Z P,Cui L W,Scott M B,Wang S J,Xiao W.2012.Seasonality of reproduction of wild black and white snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt.Lasha,Yunnan,China.Primates,53:237-245.
Huang Z P,Scott M B,Li Y P,Ren G P,Xiang Z F,Cui L W,Xiao W.2017.Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti) feeding behavior in a degraded forest fragment:clues to a stressed population.Primates,58:517-524.
Hwang M H,Garshelis D L,Wu Y H,Wang Y.2010.Home ranges of Asiatic black bears in the Central Mountains of Taiwan:Gauging whether a reserve is big enough.Ursus,21:81-96.
Hwang M H,Garshelis D L.2007.Activity patterns of Asiatic black bears(Ursus thibetanus) in the Central Mountains of Taiwan.Journal of Zoology,271:203-209.
Itoh K,Ide K,Kojima Y,Terada M.2010.Hibernation exhibit for Japanese black bear Ursus thibetanus japonicus at Ueno Zoological Gardens.International Zoo Yearbook,44:55-64.
Izumiyama S,Shiraishi T.2004.Seasonal changes in elevation and habitat use of the Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus) in the Northern Japan Alps.Mammal Study,29:1-8.
Karr J R.1976.Seasonality,resource availability,and community diversity in tropical bird communities.The American Naturalist,110:973-994.
Kelly M J.2008.Design,evaluate,refine:camera trap studies for elusive species.Animal Conservation,11:182-184.
McLellan M L,McLellan B N.2015.Effect of season and high ambient temperature on activity levels and patterns of grizzly bears(Ursus arctos).PLoS ONE,10:e0117734-e0117734.
Nakajima A,Koike S,Masaki T,Shimada T,Kozakai C,Nemoto Y,Yamazaki K,Kaji K.2012.Spatial and elevational variation in fruiting phenology of a deciduous oak(Quercus crispula) and its effect on foraging behavior of the Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus).Ecological Research,27:529-538.
Palmer M S,Swanson A,Kosmala M,Arnold T,Packer C.2018.Evaluating relative abundance indices for terrestrial herbivores from large-scale camera trap surveys.African Journal of Ecology,56:791-803.
Reid D,Jiang M,Teng Q,Qin Z,Hu J.1991.Ecology of the Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus) in Sichuan,China.Mammalia,55:221-238.
Ridout M S,Linkie M.2009.Estimating overlap of daily activity patterns from camera trap data.Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics,14:322-337.
Sakamoto Y,Kunisaki T,Sawaguchi I,Aoi T,Harashina K,Deguchi Y.2009.A note on daily movement patterns of a female Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus) in a suburban Area of Iwate Prefecture,Northeastern Japan.Mammal Study,34:165-170.
Schaller G B,Teng Q T,Johnson K G,Wang X M,Shen H M,Hu J C.1989.The feeding ecology of giant pandas and Asiatic black bears in the Tangjiahe Reserve,China.In:Gittleman L ed.Carnivore Behavior,Ecology,and Evolution.Boston,MA:Springer US,212-241.
Servheen C,Herrero S,Peyton B.1999.Bears:status survey and conservation action plan.IUCN/SSCBear and Polar Bear Specialist Groups.
Seryodkin I V,Kostyria A V,Goodrich J M,Miquelle D G,Smirnov E N,Kerley L L,Quigley H B,Hornocker M G.2003.Denning ecology of brown bears and Asiatic black bears in the Russian Far East.Ursus,14:153-161.
Shimozuru M,Kamine A,Tsubota T.2012.Changes in expression of hepatic genes involved in energy metabolism during hibernation in captive,adult,female Japanese black bears(Ursus thibetanus japonicus).Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,163:254-261.
Shogren E H,Jones M A,Sandercock B K,Boyle W A.2019.Apparent survival of tropical birds in a wet,premontane forest in Costa Rica.Journal of Field Ornithology,90:117-127.
Takahashi K,Shiota T,Tamatani H,Koyama M,Washitani I.2007.Seasonal variation in fleshy fruit use and seed dispersal by the Japanese black bear(Ursus thibetanus japonicus).Ecological Research,23:471-478.
Wang G H,Shi Z P,Li S Q,Zhou Q H.2015.Activity pattern of muntiacus muntjak revealed with infrared camera.Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition),33(3):117-122.(in Chinese)
Wearn O R,Rowcliffe J M,Carbone C,Bernard H,Ewers R M.2013.Assessing the status of wild felids in a highly-disturbed commercial forest reserve in Borneo and the implications for camera trap survey design.PLoS ONE,8:e77598-e77598.
Yamazaki K,Kozakai C,Kasai S,Goto Y,Koike S,Furubayashi K.2008.A preliminary evaluation of activity-sensing GPS collars for estimating daily activity patterns of Japanese black bears.Ursus,19:154-161.
Yang G B,Yang J D.2013.Lanping Yunling Nature Reserve.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1-323.(in Chinese)
汪国海,施泽攀,李生强,周岐海.2015.基于红外相机技术的赤麂活动模式分析.广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),33:117-122.
陈立军,束祖飞,肖治术.2019.应用红外相机数据研究动物活动节律——以广东车八岭保护区鸡形目鸟类为例.生物多样性,27(3):266-272.
陈梦霄,王晓玲,穆丽光,姜秀丽,胡磊,乌力吉,王翠,孟和达来,鲍伟东.2019.内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区狍的日活动节律及其季节变化研究.四川动物,38(2):214-219.
杨国斌,杨建东.2013.兰坪云岭自然保护区.昆明:云南科技出版社,1-323.

[1]	尚正文, 杨明, 王德华, 邢昕. 冬眠动物体温调节机制：褐色脂肪组织的作用[J]. 兽类学报, 2023, 43(5): 608-619.
[2]	张修静, 王恒, 钟秋梅, 杨晨希, 王建礼. 冬眠和非冬眠状态达乌尔黄鼠肾单位及相关功能因子的比较[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(6): 677-686.
[3]	朱红娟, 李婧, 王苏芹, 唐琦, 蓝贤勇, 曲家鹏. 不同海拔高原鼠兔个性特征与SERT基因多态性关联[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(5): 540-552.
[4]	姬云瑞, 张留栓, 黄湘元, 唐建彦, 刘增帅, 李家华, 杨维春, 李迪强, 刘芳. 云南高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山片区周边社区人熊冲突现状[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(4): 387-397.
[5]	毛敏, 杨明, 刘新宇. 冬眠对达乌尔黄鼠盲肠菌群的影响[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(4): 420-431.
[6]	姬云瑞, 余著成, 余杰, 陈卓, 童哲, 李迪强, 刘芳. 利用红外相机调查浙江江山仙霞岭省级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(2): 211-218.
[7]	王恒, 王建礼, 杨晨希, 何娅婷. 达乌尔黄鼠犁鼻器和副嗅球的组织结构及嗅球c-Fos表达的季节变化[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(6): 685-694.
[8]	王德华, 赵志军, 张学英, 张志强, 徐德立, 邢昕, 杨生妹, 王政昆, 高云芳, 杨明. 中国哺乳动物生理生态学研究进展与展望[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(5): 537-555.
[9]	王作波胡一鸣周智鑫梁健超黄志文郑舒旸周江胡慧建. 东喜马拉雅勒布沟非飞行小型兽类物种多样性垂直分布格局[J]. 兽类学报, 2020, 40(5): 493-502.
[10]	刘邦友张廷跃梁盛白小节刘伟. 贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区及其周边区域鸟兽多样性红外相机监测对比[J]. 兽类学报, 2020, 40(5): 503-519.
[11]	罗莲莲周宏唐俊峰韦伟韩菡张泽钧洪明生. 大熊猫与同域动物在海拔分布上的生态位分化[J]. 兽类学报, 2020, 40(4): 337-345.
[12]	王盼刘明冲罗欢王鹏彦洪明生唐卓周材权张晋东白文科. 水鹿的舔盐活动模式呈现性别和季节差异[J]. 兽类学报, 2020, 40(1): 13-18.
[13]	谭春桃余义博姜占萍钟亮张堰铭曲家鹏. 不同海拔地区高原鼠兔探究性和静止代谢率的差异[J]. 兽类学报, 2020, 40(1): 27-36.
[14]	张晋东黄金燕周世强 Vanessa HULL 张和民欧阳志云. 繁殖—育幼期雌性大熊猫的空间利用与活动模式特征[J]. 兽类学报, 2019, 39(4): 421-430.
[15]	邢昕, 汤刚彬, 孙明月, 杨明, 王德华. 瘦素在育肥后达乌尔黄鼠能量平衡及体温调节中的作用[J]. 兽类学报, 2015, 35(4): 379-388.

云岭自然保护区拉沙山区域亚洲黑熊的活动模式

Activity patterns of Asiatic black bear(Ursus thibetanus) on the Mt.Lasha Yunling Nature Reserve

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics