双足倒挂

Hanging upside-down

with two feet

蝙蝠头部朝下，足爪朝上，用双足爪倒扣在岩壁、房梁、树枝等物体上

The bat has its head down and feet up. It uses its feet and claws to invert itself on rock walls， roof beams，branches and other objects

单足倒挂

Hanging upside-down

with one foot

蝙蝠头部朝下，足爪朝上，仅用单足爪倒扣在岩壁、房梁、树枝等物体上

The bat has its head down and feet up. It only uses one foot and its claws to upside down on rock walls， roof beams， branches and other objects

翼全展

Wings full spreading

蝙蝠的肱骨、前臂骨、掌骨和指骨两侧或单侧完全伸展使翼展开

The humerus， forearm bones， metacarpals and phalanges of the bat are fully extended on either side or one side to spread the wings

翼半展

Wings half-spreading

蝙蝠的肱骨、前臂骨、掌骨和指骨两侧或单侧没有完全展开

The humerus， forearm， metacarpal and phalanges of the bat are not fully deployed on either side or on one side

翼包裹

Wing packing

蝙蝠的肱骨、前臂骨、掌骨和指骨收拢，使两侧或单侧翼膜收拢

The humerus， forearm bones， metacarpal bones and phalanges of the bat are retracted， allowing the bilateral or unilateral flying membranes to retract

匍匐

Lying prone

蝙蝠整个身体的腹部贴在缝隙里或接触面上不需要双足及前臂承重

The entire abdomen of the bat is attached to the crevice or on the other contact surface without its body weight held by its feet and forearms

爬

Creeping

蝙蝠使用足爪和第一指抓住接触面，腹部贴着接触面，拖拉着身体发生位移

The bat uses its feet and claws and the first finger to grasp the contact surface， and its abdomen is pressed against the contact surface， dragging its body to move

飞

Flying

蝙蝠翼膜完全展开，翼膜不停地拍打以使整个身体悬空

The bat’s wing membrane is fully unfolded， and the membrane is constantly flapping to keep the entire body suspended in the air

行

Walking

蝙蝠仅使用双足承重，左右交替移动身体

The bat only uses the feet to bear its body weight and moves alternately its body left and right

抱

Embrace

两只以上的蝙蝠身体紧贴在一起，其中一只用翼将另一只揽住

Two or more bats are closely attached， one of them holding the others with its wings

含挂

Hanging upside-down

with fake nipple in mouth

蝙蝠幼仔用嘴部含住母蝠的假乳头，后肢抓挂于母蝠腋下

The bat young holds one false nipple of its mother with its mouth， while it hangs upside down and grasps the mother’s armpits by its hind legs and claws

躯干部保持不变，头部前倾，呈俯视状态

Keep the trunk unchanged， with the head tilting forward， looking down

以颈部为轴，头向左或向右转动大于90°

With the neck as the axis， rotate the head to the left or right by more than 90°

上下颌分开，口腔扩大，露出牙齿

The upper and lower jaws are separated， and the mouth is enlarged， exposing the teeth

上下嘴唇分开，口腔微张，露出牙齿

The upper and lower lips are separated， and the mouth is slightly open to expose the teeth

舌头伸出口腔用以舔触自己的身体或者别的个体

The tongue sticks out of the mouth to lick its own body or another individual

嘴巴张开后，再用力闭合，以咬住或者压碎东西

After opening the mouth， close it hard to bite or crush something

呼吸速度很快，可见腹部快速起伏

The breathing rate is fast， and the rapid ups and downs of the abdomen can be seen

耳前后转动

Ear turn back and forth

以躯体的前后为方向轴，耳朵向面部或尾部方向转动，常伴随回声定位声波的接收

With the front and back of the body as the direction axis， the ears rotate towards the face or the tail， often accompanied by the reception of echolocation sound waves

耳郭收缩

Auricle contraction

耳缘向前弯曲，耳朵形状变小

The ear margins bend forward and the shape of the ear becomes smaller

耳前伏

Ear fold forward

耳向前对半折，一半耳朵贴着头部

Fold the ear in half forward， with other half of the ear pressed against the head

后肢弯曲

Bend hind limbs

后肢弯曲，身体重心后移，常出现在受惊时、起飞前、飞行结束时

The hind limbs are bent and the body's center of gravity moves backward， often occurring during shock， before takeoff， and at the end of flight

倒挂式行走

Walk upside down

双足爪交替变换位置，使完全倒悬着的身体向前或向后发生位移

The feet and their claws alternate positions to displace the completely upside-down body forward or

backward

倒挂

Hang upside down

身体倒挂在岩壁上，没有发生位移

The body hangs upside down on the rock wall without displacement

四肢及腹部离开栖挂点，整个身体呈悬空状，双翼拍打而使身体在空中发生位移

The limbs and abdomen leave the roost， and the entire body floats in the air while the wings flap and the body displaces in the air

双足爪左右交替移动，使身体向左或向右发生位移

Move the feet and their claws alternately left and right to displace the body to the left or righ

腹部接触附着面，使用双足爪和前臂交替移动，使身体发生位移

When the abdomen touches the attachment surface， use the claws and forearms to move alternately to displace the body

用足爪或第一指上的爪对自身或其他个体进行抓挠

Scratch itself or another individual with the claws on the feet or the claw on the first finger

用第一指勾住同伴的身体或者其他物体，帮助移动

Hook its partner’s body or other object with its first finger to help moving

左右转身

Turn left or right

身体向左或向右转动角度小于或等于90°

The angle of turning the body to the left or right is less than or equal to 90°

指蝙蝠将未被消化和吸收的食物残渣、消化道分泌物、无机盐及水等组成的混合物从肛门排出

It refers to the bat discharging a mixture of undigested and unabsorbed food residues， secretions of

digestive tract， inorganic salts and water from the anus

通过尿道，将自身产生的代谢终产物液体排出体外

Through the urethra， excrete the metabolic product fluid produced by itself

腹部收缩

Abdominal contraction

随着呼气和吸气，腹部肌肉收缩

With exhalation and inhalation， the muscles in the abdomen contract

栖息时，以爪为支点，身体向左或向右晃动

When resting， it uses its claws as the fulcrum and shake the body to the left or right

随着心率加快，腹部起伏带动身体发生颤动

As the heart rate accelerates， the ups and downs of the abdomen cause the body to tremble

5. 双足倒挂排粪

Defecating while hanging upside down with two feet

6. 单足倒挂排粪

Defecating while hanging upside down with one foot

9. 双足倒挂排尿

Urinating while hanging upside down with two feet

1，2，4，5，7，8，9，10，

11，12，13

10. 单足倒挂排尿

Urinating while hanging upside down with one foot

1，2，4，5，7，8，9，10，

11，12，13

1，2，3，4，5，6，

7，8，9，10，12

1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，10，

11，12，13，14，15，16，17，

18，19，20，22，23，24，25，

26，27，28，29，30，31，32，

33，34，35，36，37，38，39，

40，41，42

43. 双足倒挂休息

Resting while hanging upside down with two feet and claws

44. 单足倒挂休息

Resting while hanging upside down with one foot and claws

45. 附肢抓壁休息

Resting by grasping the wall with limbs （wings and hindlimbs）