Abstract: 　Using the method of labelling giant panda's DNA fingerprinting probe F₂ZGP96060801 with r^-32 P-A T P we have done the comparative detecting and analysis onthe genetic diversity of giant pandas between Liangshan and Xiaoxiangling mountains,and the results are as follows.
1. The mean numbers of bands per individual are 28.25 in Liangshan mountain and 33.14 in Xiaoxiangling mountain. The mean allelic frequencies are 0.48 in L iangshanmountain and 0.43 in Xiaoxiangling mountain. The mean heterozygous ratio are 52% inLiangshan mountain and 57% in Xiaoxiangling mountain1
2. The mean similarity coefficients of DNA f ingerprints are 0.72 inLiangshan mountain and 0.68 in Xiaoxiangling mountain.
3. As a genet ic colony, the mean similarity coefficient of DNA fingerprints of giant pandas including two mountains of Liangshan and Xiaoxiangling is 0158, them ean num2ber of bands per individual is 30153, the mean allelic f requency is 0.36, and the mean heterozygous ratio is 64%.
4. The parameter of genetic distance of giant pandas is 0.42 between Liangshan mountain and Xiaoxiangling mountain, and there is a obvious genetic differentiation betw een the gian t pandas of Liangshan mountain and Xiaoxiangling mountain.When the genetic unit is one of the mountains, Liangshan or Xiaoxiangling, the genetic similarity of giant pandas among individuals is very high (0.68～ 0.72) and it is very poor in genetic diversity. If the unit of genetic colony includs two mountains ofLiangshan and Xiaox- iangling, there are a marked drop in the genetic similarity amongthe individuals and rise in genetic diversity.
The results above has made known our point of view that as a species the geneic diversity of giant panda is impossibly poor but the genetic colony of each mountain.

Key words: Liangshan mountain, Xiaoxiangling mountain, Giant panda, DNA fingerp rinting, Genetic diversity

摘要： 利用同位素标记大熊猫DNA 指纹探针F^₂ZGP96060801, 比较检测了凉山山系和小相岭山
系大熊猫随机个体的DNA 指纹图, 获得的遗传多样性参数如下: (1) 凉山山系和小相岭山系
随机个体的平均谱带数分别是33.14和28.25条; 平均等位基因频率分别是0.43和0. 48; 平均杂合率分别是57% 和52%。(2) 凉山山系和小相岭山系大熊猫各自群体内部个体之间DNA指纹的相似系数分别是0.68和0.72。将两个山系并为一个大群体后, 随机个体的平均谱带数为
30.53; 平均等位基因频率为0.36; 个体之间DNA 指纹的相似系数为0.58; 平均杂合率上升至64%。(3) 凉山山系和小相岭山系大熊猫群体之间的遗传距离为0.42, 两山系之间已有明显的遗传分化。大熊猫以分布的山系为群体单元时, 个体之间遗传相似性高, 遗传多样性贫乏; 若群体单元扩大到两个山系时, 个体之间遗传相似性下降, 遗传多样性明显上升。此结果初步表明: 大熊猫作为一个物种, 遗传多样性可能不是很贫乏, 但各个山系内的大熊猫群体, 遗传多样性的贫乏程度是相当严重的。
　

关键词: 凉山山系, 小相岭山系, 大熊猫, DNA 指纹图, 遗传多样性