湖南都庞岭国家级自然保护区红外相机兽类和鸟类监测及日活动节律分析

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150914

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握湖南都庞岭国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类资源现状及其代表性物种的活动节律，2017年1月至2020年4月，利用红外相机在都庞岭北段和坦里源林场对大中型兽类及林下鸟类开展监测。本次监测共布设60台红外相机，累计46 911个有效相机工作日，共拍摄5 562张独立有效照片。最终鉴定出兽类4目10科14种，鸟类8目22科63种。其中，国家一级保护野生动物有2种，国家二级保护野生动物有14种。相对多度指数排名前三位的兽类为红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus,15.03)、毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus,11.00)、倭花鼠(Tamiops maritimus,6.57)；鸟类为白鹇(Lophura nycthemera,13.60)、灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracicus,3.62)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus,3.56)。对相对多度指数较高、分布较广的8种兽类和鸟类的日活动节律分析发现：(1)鼬獾(Melogale moschata)为典型夜行性动物，毛冠鹿为晨昏性动物，野猪(Sus scrofa)为昼夜兼性动物。(2)毛冠鹿和野猪的活动节律具有显著差异，红腿长吻松鼠与倭花鼠的活动节律相似且无显著差异。(3)灰胸竹鸡与白鹇、红腹锦鸡之间的活动节律具有显著差异，而白鹇与红腹锦鸡的活动节律模式高度相似且差异不显著，其共存机制与空间分布、食性、人为干扰以及社交繁殖行为的影响仍需进一步研究。本次监测更新了湖南都庞岭国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性基础数据，为制定野生动物保护对策和管理方案提供技术支撑。

关键词: 红外相机, 生物多样性, 相对多度指数, 日活动节律, 湖南都庞岭国家级自然保护区

Abstract: To investigate the current status of avian and mammalian diversity and the activity rhythms of representative species in the Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve, a systematic camera-trapping survey was conducted from January 2017 to April 2020. A total of 60 infrared cameras were deployed across the northern section of Dupangling and the Tanliyuan Forest Farm, yielding 46 911 effective camera trap days and 5 562 independent valid photo captures. In total, 14 mammal species from 10 families within 4 orders and 63 bird species from 22 families within 8 orders were identified. Among these, two species are listed as Class Ⅰ and 14 species as Class Ⅱ nationally protected wildlife in China. The top three mammal species in terms of relative abundance index (RAI) were Dremomys pyrrhomerus (15. 03), Elaphodus cephalophus (11. 00), and Tamiops maritimus (6. 57), while the top three bird species were Lophura nycthemera (13. 60), Bambusicola thoracicus (3. 62), and Chrysolophus pictus (3. 56). An analysis of the daily activity rhythms of eight widely distributed and relatively abundant species revealed the following patterns: (1) Melogale moschata exhibited a typical nocturnal activity pattern; Elaphodus cephalophus was crepuscular; and Sus scrofa exhibited cathemeral activity, being active both during the day and at night. (2) The activity rhythms of Elaphodus cephalophus and Sus scrofa differed significantly, whereas those of Dremomys pyrrhomerus and Tamiops maritimus were highly similar with no significant differences. (3) The activity rhythms of Bambusicola thoracicus differed significantly from those of both Lophura nycthemera and Chrysolophus pictus, Lophura nycthemera and Chrysolophus pictus exhibited highly similar patterns with no significant differences. The mechanisms facilitating the coexistence of these species, such as spatial distribution, dietary preferences, anthropogenic disturbance, and social or breeding behaviors: warrant further investigation. This monitoring effort has updated the baseline data on avian and mammalian diversity in the Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve and provides essential scientific support for the development of effective wildlife conservation and management strategies.

Key words: Camera-trapping, Biodiversity, Relative abundance index, Daily activity rhythm, Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

Q958.2

桂俭, 曹越, 潘丹, 李佳琦, 李克源, 刘相, 李视儒, 杨梦蝶, 杨道德. 湖南都庞岭国家级自然保护区红外相机兽类和鸟类监测及日活动节律分析[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(4): 513-526.

GUI Jian, CAO Yue, PAN Dan, LI Jiaqi, LI Keyuan, LIU Xiang, LI Shiru, YANG Mengdie, YANG Daode. Infrared camera monitoring and daily activity rhythm analysis of birds and mammals in the Hunan Dupangling National Nature Reserve[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(4): 513-526.

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