雅鲁藏布江流域亚洲黑熊适生区与活动节律

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.151021

兽类学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 629-640.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151021

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

雅鲁藏布江流域亚洲黑熊适生区与活动节律

吕永磊^1,2,3, 王伟波^1,2, 崔雅倩¹, 刘郢⁴, 周薇^1,5, 王渊³, 刘锋³, 王广龙³, 扈晶晶³, 普布顿珠³, 边巴多吉³, 旦增³, 胡开³, 王小川³, 温知新¹, 杨奇森¹

1 中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学院重点实验室, 北京 100101;
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3 西藏自治区林业调查规划研究院, 拉萨 850000;
4 四川大学生命科学学院, 生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室, 成都 610065;
5 河北大学生命科学学院, 保定 071002

收稿日期:2024-10-15 接受日期:2025-03-07 发布日期:2025-09-26
通讯作者: 杨奇森，E-mail:yangqs@ioz.ac.cn;温知新，E-mail:wenzx@ioz.ac.cn
作者简介:吕永磊(1982-)，男，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事保护地规划设计、野生动植物生态学研究；王伟波(1999-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事野生动物生态学研究.
基金资助:
雅鲁藏布江流域典型大中型哺乳动物分布数量、活动规律的动态监测(54000022T000000071200，54000024210200021038)；西藏重点区域野生动植物资源调查(ZL202203601)；国家自然科学基金面上项目：西藏自然保护区网络兽类多样性保护关键因子研究(32271736)

Suitable distribution area and activity patterns study of Asiatic black bear in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin

LYU Yonglei^1,2,3, WANG Weibo^1,2, CUI Yaqian¹, LIU Ying⁴, ZHOU Wei^1,5, WANG Yuan³, LIU Feng³, WANG Guanglong³, HU Jingjing³, Pubudunzhu³, Bianbaduoji³, Danzeng³, HU Kai³, WANG Xiao-chuan³, WEN Zhixin¹, YANG Qisen¹

1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3 Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute of Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China;
4 Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
5 College of Life Sciences Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China

Received:2024-10-15 Accepted:2025-03-07 Published:2025-09-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 亚洲黑熊 (Ursus thibetanus) 是食肉目熊科熊属的国家二级重点保护野生动物。由于人为活动导致的栖息地破碎化，亚洲黑熊的种群数量和分布范围不断缩减，并加剧了人熊冲突。为了解亚洲黑熊的活动节律与分布格局，本研究通过红外相机布设与野外调查数据，结合海拔、坡向、坡度和 19 个生物气候因子，使用 MaxEnt 模型系统分析了亚洲黑熊在雅鲁藏布江流域的栖息地分布现状及影响因素，并根据未来不同气候变化情景下该区域的生境状况，预测了栖息地的变化趋势。根据红外相机记录的时间，分析了亚洲黑熊的日活动节律和月活动强度。结果显示：(1) 筛选后的气候和地形因子拟合的 MaxEnt 模型受试者工作特征曲线下面积 (area under curve, AUC) 为0.972，表明模型预测结果较为准确；(2) 影响当前亚洲黑熊分布的主要因素为海拔、气温年较差和最暖季降水量；(3) 当前气候条件下，亚洲黑熊的适生区大部分集中在林芝市，少部分分布在日喀则市和山南市，未来随着气温升高，亚洲黑熊的适生区面积没有显著变化，但会沿雅鲁藏布江及其支流向高海拔区域迁移；(4) 亚洲黑熊在雅鲁藏布江流域的活动节律呈晨昏型，夏、秋季活动强度最高。本研究为了解亚洲黑熊当前及未来的分布格局和生活规律提供了基础资料，为以后雅鲁藏布江流域亚洲黑熊的保护和管理以及避免人熊冲突提供了理论依据。

关键词: MaxEnt模型, 雅鲁藏布江流域, 气候变化, 活动节律, 亚洲黑熊

Abstract: The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), belonging to the family Ursidae within the Carnivora order, is classified as a second-class protected wild animal in China. Unfortunately, its population size and distribution range are declining due to habitat fragmentation caused by human activities, intensifying conflicts between humans and bears. To understand the distribution patterns of Asian black bears in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, we employed the MaxEnt model to analyze its current habitat distribution and influencing factors based on long-term camera trap and field survey data, in conjunction with elevation, aspect, slope and 19 bioclimatic variables. Furthermore, we predicted the trend of habitat change under different future climate change scenarios within this region and investigated the daily and monthly activity patterns using recorded data from camera traps. We found that the AUC value of the best fitted MaxEnt model was 0. 972, indicating high accuracy after screening for climate and terrain factors. The key factors affecting the distribution of Asiatic black bears were altitude, temperature annual range, and precipitation of warmest quarter. Currently suitable distribution areas for Asiatic black bears are mainly concentrated in the Nyingchi region, with a smaller portion distributed in Shigatse and Shannan regions. With increasing temperatures in the future, suitable areas would not change significantly, but they will migrate to higher altitude along Yarlung Zangbo River and its tributaries. The activity pattern of Asiatic black bears in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin was primarily characterized by crepuscular behavior, with peak activity intensity observed during the summer and autumn seasons. This study provides basic data for comprehending the present and future distribution patterns as well as behavioral tendencies of Asiatic black bears. Furthermore, it offers theoretical insights for future conservation and management efforts aimed at mitigating human-bear conflicts in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin.

Key words: MaxEnt model, Yarlung Zangbo River basin, Climate change, Activity rhythm, Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus)

中图分类号:

Q958.1

吕永磊, 王伟波, 崔雅倩, 刘郢, 周薇, 王渊, 刘锋, 王广龙, 扈晶晶, 普布顿珠, 边巴多吉, 旦增, 胡开, 王小川, 温知新, 杨奇森. 雅鲁藏布江流域亚洲黑熊适生区与活动节律[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(5): 629-640.

LYU Yonglei, WANG Weibo, CUI Yaqian, LIU Ying, ZHOU Wei, WANG Yuan, LIU Feng, WANG Guanglong, HU Jingjing, Pubudunzhu, Bianbaduoji, Danzeng, HU Kai, WANG Xiao-chuan, WEN Zhixin, YANG Qisen. Suitable distribution area and activity patterns study of Asiatic black bear in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(5): 629-640.

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雅鲁藏布江流域亚洲黑熊适生区与活动节律

Suitable distribution area and activity patterns study of Asiatic black bear in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin

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