兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 349-357.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151091
吴昊1(
), 梁英1, 胡发涛2, 伏海莉1, 徐武成1, 于鹏2(
)
收稿日期:2025-04-18
接受日期:2025-08-08
出版日期:2026-05-30
发布日期:2026-06-04
通讯作者:
吴昊,于鹏
作者简介:吴昊(1991- ),男,高级工程师,主要从事野生动植物保护工作.
基金资助:
Hao WU1(
), Ying LIANG1, Fatao HU2, Haili FU1, Wucheng XU1, Peng YU2(
)
Received:2025-04-18
Accepted:2025-08-08
Online:2026-05-30
Published:2026-06-04
Contact:
Hao WU, Peng YU
摘要:
甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区为全球野生双峰驼(Camelus ferus)的三大栖息地之一,是野生双峰驼繁殖的重要区域。由于种群数量稀少和生活习性等原因,该保护区野生双峰驼种群遗传多样性及其种群数量长期缺乏科学统计。本研究于2023—2024年,在安南坝国家级自然保护区采集了254份新鲜粪便,通过粪便形态和线粒体Cytb基因进行物种鉴定,筛选了6对高多态性微卫星引物,用于遗传多样性分析,同时用标志重捕法估算了保护区野生双峰驼的种群数量。结果表明:6个微卫星位点的观测杂合度在0.402 ~ 0.962之间,平均值为0.795;期望杂合度在0.444 ~ 0.901之间,平均值为0.772。共鉴定出123峰野生双峰驼个体,其中雌性83峰,雄性40峰。雄性个体较少,可能与其成年后离群导致的采样偏差有关。基于TRIM模型估算野生双峰驼数量为275峰,95%置信区间为271 ~ 282峰。综上,安南坝国家级自然保护区野生双峰驼种群具有中等水平的遗传多样性,近交程度较低,有利于种群数量的恢复。该保护区分布着约275峰野生双峰驼,可为野生双峰驼种群保护和高质量建设提供重要依据。
中图分类号:
吴昊, 梁英, 胡发涛, 伏海莉, 徐武成, 于鹏. 甘肃安南坝保护区野生双峰驼种群遗传多样性及其数量研究[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(3): 349-357.
Hao WU, Ying LIANG, Fatao HU, Haili FU, Wucheng XU, Peng YU. Study on genetic diversity and population size of wild camels in Annanba Reserve, Gansu Province[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(3): 349-357.
位点 Locus | 引物序列(5′-3′) Primer sequence(5′-3′) | 等位基因大小 Allele size/bp | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ | 循环数 Cycles | 荧光标记 Fluorophores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMS121 | F: CAAGAGAACTGGTGAGGATTTTC R: AGTTGATAAAAATACAGCTGGAAAG | 151 ~ 159 | 58 | 35 | FAM |
| CMS13 | F: TAGCCTGACTCTATCCATTTCTC R: ATTATTTGGAATTCAACTGTAAGG | 248 ~ 265 | 58 | 35 | HEX |
| VOLP10 | F: CTTTCTCCTTTCCTCCCTACT R: CGTCCACTTCCTTCATTTC | 232 ~ 260 | 60 | 35 | HEX |
| VOLP67 | F: TTAGAGGGTCTATCCAGTTTC R: TGGACCTAAAAGAGTGGAG | 142 ~ 172 | 60 | 35 | FAM |
| YWLL08 | F: ATCAAGTTTGAGGTGCTTTCC R: CCATGGCATTGTGTTGAAGAC | 135 ~ 177 | 53 | 35 | FAM |
| YWLL59 | F: TGTGCAGGAGTTAGGTGTA R: CCATGTCTCTGAAGCTCTGGA | 96 ~ 136 | 55 | 35 | HEX |
表1 野生双峰驼6个微卫星位点信息
Table 1 Information of six microsatellite loci of Camelus ferus
位点 Locus | 引物序列(5′-3′) Primer sequence(5′-3′) | 等位基因大小 Allele size/bp | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ | 循环数 Cycles | 荧光标记 Fluorophores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMS121 | F: CAAGAGAACTGGTGAGGATTTTC R: AGTTGATAAAAATACAGCTGGAAAG | 151 ~ 159 | 58 | 35 | FAM |
| CMS13 | F: TAGCCTGACTCTATCCATTTCTC R: ATTATTTGGAATTCAACTGTAAGG | 248 ~ 265 | 58 | 35 | HEX |
| VOLP10 | F: CTTTCTCCTTTCCTCCCTACT R: CGTCCACTTCCTTCATTTC | 232 ~ 260 | 60 | 35 | HEX |
| VOLP67 | F: TTAGAGGGTCTATCCAGTTTC R: TGGACCTAAAAGAGTGGAG | 142 ~ 172 | 60 | 35 | FAM |
| YWLL08 | F: ATCAAGTTTGAGGTGCTTTCC R: CCATGGCATTGTGTTGAAGAC | 135 ~ 177 | 53 | 35 | FAM |
| YWLL59 | F: TGTGCAGGAGTTAGGTGTA R: CCATGTCTCTGAAGCTCTGGA | 96 ~ 136 | 55 | 35 | HEX |
位点 Locus | 观测等位基因数 Na | 有效等位基因数 Ne | 观测杂合度 Ho | 期望杂合度 He | 多态信息含量PIC | 近交系数 Fis | 哈迪‐温伯格平衡HWE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMS121 | 14 | 4.9 | 0.873 | 0.841 | 0.821 | -0.296 | *** |
| CMS13 | 5 | 1.7 | 0.402 | 0.444 | 0.414 | -0.048 | NS |
| VOLP10 | 9 | 3.0 | 0.962 | 0.689 | 0.638 | -0.461 | *** |
| VOLP67 | 26 | 6.5 | 0.785 | 0.901 | 0.893 | 0.036 | *** |
| YWLL08 | 22 | 6.9 | 0.928 | 0.896 | 0.886 | -0.142 | NS |
| YWLL59 | 19 | 5.9 | 0.819 | 0.861 | 0.846 | -0.085 | *** |
| 平均值 Mean | 16 | 4.8 | 0.795 | 0.772 | 0.750 | -0.166 | ― |
表2 6个微卫星位点在野生双峰驼中的遗传信息参数分析
Table 2 Analysis of genetic information parameters of six microsatellite loci in Camelus ferus
位点 Locus | 观测等位基因数 Na | 有效等位基因数 Ne | 观测杂合度 Ho | 期望杂合度 He | 多态信息含量PIC | 近交系数 Fis | 哈迪‐温伯格平衡HWE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMS121 | 14 | 4.9 | 0.873 | 0.841 | 0.821 | -0.296 | *** |
| CMS13 | 5 | 1.7 | 0.402 | 0.444 | 0.414 | -0.048 | NS |
| VOLP10 | 9 | 3.0 | 0.962 | 0.689 | 0.638 | -0.461 | *** |
| VOLP67 | 26 | 6.5 | 0.785 | 0.901 | 0.893 | 0.036 | *** |
| YWLL08 | 22 | 6.9 | 0.928 | 0.896 | 0.886 | -0.142 | NS |
| YWLL59 | 19 | 5.9 | 0.819 | 0.861 | 0.846 | -0.085 | *** |
| 平均值 Mean | 16 | 4.8 | 0.795 | 0.772 | 0.750 | -0.166 | ― |
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