兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 734-743.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151122
薛淇元, 蔡赫, 张亦飞, 高艺, 郭秋颖, 张智慧, 金志民, 张隽晟, 刘铸(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-03
接受日期:2026-01-19
出版日期:2026-09-30
发布日期:2026-08-12
通讯作者:
刘铸
作者简介:薛淇元(2003- ),男,硕士,主要从事动物学研究基金资助:
Qiyuan XUE, He CAI, Yifei ZHANG, Yi GAO, Qiuying GUO, Zhihui ZHANG, Zhimin JIN, Junsheng ZHANG, Zhu LIU(
)
Received:2025-07-03
Accepted:2026-01-19
Online:2026-09-30
Published:2026-08-12
Contact:
Zhu LIU
摘要:
肠道菌群与宿主的行为、健康和发育密切相关,其受到季节、食物组成及环境等多种因素的影响。为探究不同季节同域中鼩鼱(Sorex caecutiens)的肠道菌群差异,本研究采集了夏、秋、冬3个季节的33号中鼩鼱样本(分为夏季组、秋季组和冬季组),对其肠道内容物进行16S rRNA基因高通量测序,对测序结果物种注释后,分析肠道菌群的物种组成、α多样性、β多样性、组间差异和功能。结果显示,3组中鼩鼱肠道菌群的Simpson和Chao1指数无显著差异,冬季组的Shannon指数显著高于其他2组(P < 0.05)。β多样性分析结果显示,3组中鼩鼱肠道菌群的结构存在差异(P < 0.01)。在门水平上,夏季和秋季组的优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(分别为52.39%和53.21%)和弯曲菌门(Campylobacterota)(分别为23.42%和21.41%),冬季组的优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(41.15%)和弯曲菌门(29.27%)。属水平上,中鼩鼱夏季和秋季组的优势菌属为支原体属(Mycoplasma)(分别为23.42%和41.22%)和螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)(分别为21.94%和21.41%)。冬季组的优势菌属为螺杆菌属(29.27%)。LEfSe分析发现,厚壁菌门、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)和脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)在秋季大量富集,变形菌门、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)在冬季大量富集。功能分析结果显示,肠道菌群中代谢相关通路在3组占绝对优势(相对丰度 > 75%),秋季组肠道菌群中遗传信息处理通路丰度显著高于其他2组(P < 0.05)。通过对3个季节中鼩鼱肠道菌群的分析,初步了解了中鼩鼱肠道菌群的组成及功能,及其随季节发生变化以适应食物的规律。
中图分类号:
薛淇元, 蔡赫, 张亦飞, 高艺, 郭秋颖, 张智慧, 金志民, 张隽晟, 刘铸. 同域中鼩鼱不同季节肠道菌群结构及功能研究[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(5): 734-743.
Qiyuan XUE, He CAI, Yifei ZHANG, Yi GAO, Qiuying GUO, Zhihui ZHANG, Zhimin JIN, Junsheng ZHANG, Zhu LIU. Gut microbiota structure and function in Sorex caecutiens across different seasons within the same region[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 734-743.
图2 不同季节中鼩鼱肠道菌群ASVs韦恩图. S group:夏季组;A group:秋季组;W group:冬季组
Fig.2 ASVs Venn diagram of Sorex caecutiens gut microbial in differents seasons. S group: Summer group; A group: Autumn group; W group: Winter group
图3 中鼩鼱肠道微生物群落门水平(A)和属水平组成(B). S group:夏季组;A group:秋季组;W group:冬季组
Fig.3 Gut microbial community composition of Sorex caecutiens at the phylum level (A) and genus level (B). S group: Summer group;A group: Autumn group; W group: Winter group
α多样性 α-diversity | 夏季组 Summer group | 秋季组 Autumn group | 冬季组 Winter group | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 1.77 ± 0.24b | 1.53 ± 0.16b | 2.56 ± 0.33a | 0.011 |
| Simpson 指数Simpson index | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.067 |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 116.25 ± 18.53 | 136.81 ± 11.56 | 107.11 ± 13.33 | 0.280 |
表1 中鼩鼱样本肠道菌群多样性指数统计表
Table 1 Diversity index of samples of gut microbiota in Sorex caecutiens
α多样性 α-diversity | 夏季组 Summer group | 秋季组 Autumn group | 冬季组 Winter group | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 1.77 ± 0.24b | 1.53 ± 0.16b | 2.56 ± 0.33a | 0.011 |
| Simpson 指数Simpson index | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.067 |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 116.25 ± 18.53 | 136.81 ± 11.56 | 107.11 ± 13.33 | 0.280 |
图4 中鼩鼱肠道菌群的β多样性. A:基于unweighted unifrac距离构建的UPGMA聚类树;B:基于unweighted unifrac距离的PCoA分析;C:基于weighted unifrac距离的PCoA分析. S group:夏季组;A group:秋季组;W group:冬季组
Fig.4 The β-diversity of gut microbiota in Sorex caecutiens. A: UPGMA clustering tree constructed based on unweighted unifrac distance; B: PCoA analysis based on unweighted unifrac distance; C: PCoA analysis based on weighted unifrac distance. S group: Summer group; A group: Autumn group; W group: Winter group
图5 不同季节中鼩鼱肠道微生物LEfSe分析. S group:夏季组;A group:秋季组;W group:冬季组
Fig.5 LEfSe analysis of gut microbiota in Sorex caecutiens in different seasons. S group: Summer group; A group: Autumn group; W group: Winter group
图6 不同季节中鼩鼱肠道微生物功能注释. S group:夏季组;A group:秋季组;W group:冬季组
Fig.6 Functional annotation of the gut microbiota of Sorex caecutiens in different seasons. S group: Summer group; A group: Autumn group; W group: Winter group
分类水平 Level | 功能 Function | 夏季组 Summer group | 秋季组 Autumn group | 冬季组 Winter group | SEM | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | 遗传信息处理 Genetic information processing | 247 783b | 311 014a | 243 871b | 11 750 | 0.016 |
| Level 2 | 核苷酸代谢 Nucleotide metabolism | 37 864ab | 46 793a | 35 943b | 1 997 | 0.037 |
| 复制与修复 Replication and repair | 111 734b | 142 020a | 104 670b | 5 991 | 0.012 | |
| 翻译 Translation | 62 079b | 81 385a | 57 068b | 3 438 | 0.003 | |
外源化合物生物降解与代谢 Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism | 64 815b | 74 088b | 132 296a | 7 785 | < 0.001 | |
| 癌症概述 Cancers: overview | 0b | 359a | 0b | 53 | 0.001 | |
| 心血管疾病 Cardiovascular diseases | 2b | 5b | 44a | 7 | 0.039 | |
| 免疫系统 Immune system | 1 335ab | 1 718a | 1 094b | 111 | 0.047 | |
| 传染病‑寄生虫病 Infectious diseases: parasitic | 623b | 565b | 1 601a | 163 | 0.016 | |
| 信号转导 Signal transduction | 7 306b | 7 419b | 12 495a | 910 | 0.038 | |
| 运输与代谢 Transport and catabolism | 3 401b | 3 039b | 7 076a | 496 | < 0.001 |
表2 不同季节中鼩鼱肠道微生物功能丰度差异
Table 2 Differences in functional abundance of the gut microbiota of Sorex caecutiens in different seasons
分类水平 Level | 功能 Function | 夏季组 Summer group | 秋季组 Autumn group | 冬季组 Winter group | SEM | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | 遗传信息处理 Genetic information processing | 247 783b | 311 014a | 243 871b | 11 750 | 0.016 |
| Level 2 | 核苷酸代谢 Nucleotide metabolism | 37 864ab | 46 793a | 35 943b | 1 997 | 0.037 |
| 复制与修复 Replication and repair | 111 734b | 142 020a | 104 670b | 5 991 | 0.012 | |
| 翻译 Translation | 62 079b | 81 385a | 57 068b | 3 438 | 0.003 | |
外源化合物生物降解与代谢 Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism | 64 815b | 74 088b | 132 296a | 7 785 | < 0.001 | |
| 癌症概述 Cancers: overview | 0b | 359a | 0b | 53 | 0.001 | |
| 心血管疾病 Cardiovascular diseases | 2b | 5b | 44a | 7 | 0.039 | |
| 免疫系统 Immune system | 1 335ab | 1 718a | 1 094b | 111 | 0.047 | |
| 传染病‑寄生虫病 Infectious diseases: parasitic | 623b | 565b | 1 601a | 163 | 0.016 | |
| 信号转导 Signal transduction | 7 306b | 7 419b | 12 495a | 910 | 0.038 | |
| 运输与代谢 Transport and catabolism | 3 401b | 3 039b | 7 076a | 496 | < 0.001 |
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