中国大中型陆生哺乳动物保护研究进展

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.151101

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国作为全球动物多样性最丰富的国家之一，拥有包括大熊猫 (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、雪豹 (Pantherauncia)、金丝猴 (Rhinopithecus spp.)、藏羚 (Pantholops hodgsonii) 等旗舰物种在内的 700 余种哺乳动物。然而，随着气候变化加剧和人类活动扩张，许多大中型哺乳动物面临较严重的生存威胁，亟需开展系统性的保护研究。近年来，随着新技术与新方法的不断发展，我国学者在哺乳动物保护研究领域取得了一系列突破性进展与重要研究成果，为制定科学的保护管理策略提供了重要依据。本文从行为与生理适应、种群动态与物种共存机制、肠道微生物与宿主协同适应、疾病防控、遗传与适应性进化等方面，系统综述了 2010—2025 年间我国大中型陆生哺乳动物保护研究进展。展望未来，应加强生态系统及其重要物种的整体性保护研究，推动多学科交叉融合，积极研发应用人工智能等新兴技术手段，通过系统阐明环境变化对大中型哺乳动物的影响过程来指导科学的保护管理，以应对日益严峻的生物多样性保护挑战。

关键词: 哺乳动物, 保护研究, 行为适应, 种群动态, 遗传进化, 肠道微生物

Abstract: As one of the world’s most biodiverse countries, China is home to more than 700 mammal species, including flagship species such as giant pandas, snow leopards, snub-nosed monkeys, and Tibetan antelopes. However, exacerbated by climate change and expanding human activities, many large- and medium-sized mammals face severe survival threats, necessitating systematic conservation research. In recent decades, with continuous advancements in research methodologies and technologies, Chinese scientists have achieved a series of groundbreaking research outcomes in mammalian conservation, providing critical foundations for developing scientific management and protection strategies. This paper systematically reviews research progress in the conservation of China’s large- and medium-sized terrestrial mammals from 2010 to 2025, covering aspects such as behavioral and physiological adaptations, population dynamics and species coexistence mechanisms, gut microbiota-host co-adaptation, disease prevention and control, and genetic and adaptive evolution. Looking ahead, it is essential to strengthen research on holistic ecosystem conservation, promote interdisciplinary integration, and actively develop and apply emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. By systematically elucidating the impact of environmental changes on large- and medium-sized mammals, these efforts will guide scientifically informed conservation management to address the increasingly severe challenges of biodiversity conservation challenges.

Key words: Mammals, Conservation research, Behavioral adaptation, Population dynamics, Genetic evolution, Gut microbiota

中图分类号:

聂永刚, 张超, 高华窈, 刘翰卿, 谢冰. 中国大中型陆生哺乳动物保护研究进展[J]. 兽类学报, 2025, 45(5): 559-576.

NIE Yonggang, ZHANG Chao, GAO Huayao, LIU Hanqing, XIE Bing. Advances in conservation research of large- and medium-sized terrestrial mammals in China[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 45(5): 559-576.

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