兽类学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 705-719.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.151156
高霄龙1(
), 张万相1, 翟红娟1, 朱涵毅1,2,3(
), 张知彬1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:2025-11-07
接受日期:2026-03-10
出版日期:2026-09-30
发布日期:2026-10-12
通讯作者:
朱涵毅,张知彬
作者简介:高霄龙(2000- ),男,硕士,主要从事动物生态学研究. E‑mail:17690835747@163.com
基金资助:
Xiaolong GAO1(
), Wanxiang ZHANG1, Hongjuan ZHAI1, Hanyi ZHU1,2,3(
), Zhibin ZHANG1,2,3(
)
Received:2025-11-07
Accepted:2026-03-10
Online:2026-09-30
Published:2026-10-12
Contact:
Hanyi ZHU, Zhibin ZHANG
摘要:
褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)和黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)是海南热带地区近缘种,微环境分离被认为是共存的重要机制。肠道微生物在调节宿主生理功能和适应环境变化上发挥重要作用,因此,比较两鼠种同一生境下肠道微生物组成及功能差异,有助于从生理功能角度探讨其共存机制。为精准鉴定物种,本研究参考形态学指标,并结合COI基因DNA条形码技术区分捕获的鼠类物种。通过16S rDNA高通量测序分析,测定褐家鼠和黄胸鼠肠道微生物群落和功能特征。结果显示,经COI基因测序鉴定,确认34只家栖鼠中27只为褐家鼠、7只为黄胸鼠。黄胸鼠和褐家鼠肠道微生物的Alpha多样性(Shannon指数)和Beta多样性差异显著,而同种鼠不同性别的个体肠道微生物多样性无显著差异;两鼠种在门、科、属水平的差异及菌群功能预测显示不同鼠种独特的生态适应性,具体表现为褐家鼠肠道中假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)等丰度高,具有杂食倾向;而黄胸鼠肠道中芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)/拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)比值较高,鼠杆菌科(Muribaculaceae)和毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)等纤维分解菌丰度高,碳代谢和氨基酸生物合成通路活跃,具有植食性倾向。本研究发现,褐家鼠和黄胸鼠肠道微生物结构和功能存在显著差异,说明两者在食性偏好与生态适应策略上存在分异。本研究提出,肠道微生物差异与微环境分离协同作用可能有利于减少种间竞争,促进同域共存,为热带地区近缘鼠类物种共存机制研究提供了新的视角。
中图分类号:
高霄龙, 张万相, 翟红娟, 朱涵毅, 张知彬. 海南褐家鼠和黄胸鼠肠道菌群差异及共存机制探讨[J]. 兽类学报, 2026, 46(5): 705-719.
Xiaolong GAO, Wanxiang ZHANG, Hongjuan ZHAI, Hanyi ZHU, Zhibin ZHANG. The role of gut microbiota differences in the coexistence of norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Asian house rats (Rattus tanezumi) in Hainan[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 46(5): 705-719.
图1 褐家鼠和黄胸鼠形态学指标比较. 褐家鼠(RN):n = 10;黄胸鼠(RT):n = 7;雌性褐家鼠(RN‑F):n = 6;雄性褐家鼠(RN‑M):n = 4;雌性黄胸鼠(RT‑F):n = 4;雄性黄胸鼠(RT‑M):n = 3. Student’s t 检验:***P < 0.001
Fig. 1 Comparison of morphological indices between Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi. R. norvegicus (RN): n = 10; R. tanezumi (RT): n = 7; female R. norvegicus (RN‑F): n = 6; male R. norvegicus (RN‑M): n = 4; female R. tanezumi (RT‑F): n = 4; male R. tanezumi (RT‑M): n = 3. Student’s t‑test: ***P < 0.001
图2 基于COI基因构建的系统发育树. ★表示鉴定为褐家鼠的27号样本鼠;▲表示鉴定为黄胸鼠的7号样本鼠
Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree constructed based on the COI gene. ★ represents 27 samples identified as Rattus norvegicus; ▲ represents 7 samples identified as R. tanezumi
图3 褐家鼠和黄胸鼠肠道微生物Alpha多样性分析(A ~ C)及肠道微生物主坐标分析(PCoA)(D ~ F). 褐家鼠(RN):n = 10;黄胸鼠(RT):n = 7;雌性褐家鼠(RN‑F):n = 6;雄性褐家鼠(RN‑M):n = 4;雌性黄胸鼠(RT‑F):n = 4;雄性黄胸鼠(RT‑M):n = 3. A ~ C:Student’s t 检验,**P < 0.01;D ~ F:ANOSIM检验
Fig. 3 Alpha diversity analysis (A ‑ C) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) (D ‑ F) of gut microbiota in Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi. R. norvegicus (RN): n = 10; R. tanezumi (RT): n = 7; female R. norvegicus (RN‑F): n = 6; male R. norvegicus (RN‑M): n = 4; female R. tanezumi (RT‑F): n = 4; male R. tanezumi (RT‑M): n = 3. A ‑ C: Student’s t‑test, **P < 0.01; D ‑ F: ANOSIM test
图4 褐家鼠和黄胸鼠肠道微生物组成分析. A:门水平;B:科水平;C、D:属水平. 褐家鼠(RN):n = 10;黄胸鼠(RT):n = 7;雌性褐家鼠(RN‑F):n = 6;雄性褐家鼠(RN‑M):n = 4;雌性黄胸鼠(RT‑F):n = 4;雄性黄胸鼠(RT‑M):n = 3
Fig. 4 Composition analysis of gut microbiota in Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi.A: At the Phylum level; B: At the Family level; C, D: At the Genus level. R. norvegicus (RN): n = 10; R. tanezumi (RT): n = 7; female R. norvegicus (RN‑F): n = 6; male R. norvegicus (RN‑M): n = 4; female R. tanezumi (RT‑F): n = 4; male R. tanezumi (RT‑M): n = 3
图5 褐家鼠和黄胸鼠肠道微生物组间差异分析. A:门水平;B:科水平;C:属水平. 褐家鼠(RN):n = 10;黄胸鼠(RT):n = 7. Wilcoxon 秩和检验,FDR 校正:*q < 0.05,**q < 0.01
Fig. 5 Differential analysis of gut microbiomes between Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi. A: At the Phylum level; B: At the Family level; C: At the Genus level. R. norvegicus (RN): n = 10; R. tanezumi (RT): n = 7. Wilcoxon rank‑sum test with FDR correction: *q < 0.05, **q < 0.01
图6 基于PICRUSt2的肠道微生物功能预测分析. A:KEGG 一级功能(Level 1);B:KEGG 二级功能(Level 2);C:KEGG 三级功能(Level 3). 褐家鼠(RN):n = 10;黄胸鼠(RT):n = 7. Wilcoxon 秩和检验:*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01
Fig. 6 Functional prediction analysis of gut microbiota based on PICRUSt2. A: KEGG Level 1 functions; B: KEGG Level 2 functions; C: KEGG Level 3 functions. Rattus norvegicus (RN): n = 10; R. tanezumi (RT): n = 7. Wilcoxon rank‑sum test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01
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